The Wolf (Canis lupus L.) as a Model in Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchy of the Species Life Strategy

V. V. Kochetkov
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Abstract

Structural and functional vital activity of each animal species organically fits into the life of the biosphere. To understand their place and role, a new approach to study methods is needed. Based on many years of research (1975–2022) on the ecology and behavior of the wolf, an attempt was made to understand the features of the structural and functional hierarchy of the life strategy of this species. It has been shown with argumentation that he strategy of the Individual is to adapt to living in the environment; the couple’s strategy is to form a habitat and fit into the general structure of the population; the family’s strategy is to raise and educate wolf cubs; the population’s strategy is to preserve genetic diversity, established adaptations, and sustainability in the environment; the strategy of the species is to preserve the habitat; the strategy of the community (biocenosis) consists in participation in the conservation and formation of the biodiversity of certain species; and the strategy of the ecosystem (biogeocoenosis) consists in participation in structural, functional, and energy processes.

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以狼为模型研究物种生活策略的结构和功能层次
摘要 每个动物物种的结构和功能性生命活动都与生物圈的生命有机地结合在一起。为了了解它们的地位和作用,需要一种新的研究方法。在多年(1975-2022 年)对狼的生态学和行为学研究的基础上,试图了解该物种生命策略的结构和功能层次的特点。通过论证表明,个体的策略是适应环境;夫妻的策略是形成栖息地并融入种群的总体结构;家庭的策略是抚养和教育狼崽;种群的策略是保持遗传多样性、既定的适应性和环境的可持续性;物种的战略是保护栖息地;群落(生物群落)的战略是参与保护和形成某些物种的生物多样性;生态系统(生物地理群落)的战略是参与结构、功能和能量过程。
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