Plausible Detection of Rotating Magnetized Neutron Stars by Their Continious Gravitational Waves

IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Astronomy Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI:10.1134/S1063772923140056
Mayusree Das, Banibrata Mukhopadhyay
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Abstract

In the past decades, several neutron stars (NSs), particularly pulsars, with mass \(M > 2{{M}_{ \odot }}\), have been observed. Hence, there is a generic question of the origin of massive compact objects. Here we explore the existence of massive, magnetized, rotating NSs by solving axisymmetric stationary stellar equilibria in general relativity using the Einstein equation solver for stellar structure XNS code. Such rotating NSs with magnetic field and rotation axes misaligned, hence with non-zero obliquity angle, can emit continuous gravitational waves (GW). We discuss the decay of the magnetic field due to Ohmic, Hall and Ambipolar diffusion, and the decay of angular velocity, and obliquity angle with time due to angular momentum extraction by GW and dipole radiation, which determine the timescales related to the GW emission. Further, in the Alfvén timescale, a differentially rotating, massive proto-NS rapidly settles into a uniformly rotating, less massive NS due to magnetic braking and viscosity. These explorations suggest that detecting massive NSs is challenging and sets a timescale for detection. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of GW emission, which confirms that any detector cannot detect them immediately, but detectable by Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer over months of integration time, leading to direct detection of NSs.

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通过连续引力波探测旋转磁化中子星的可能性
摘要 在过去的几十年里,人们观测到了几颗质量为(M > 2{{M}_{ \odot }})的中子星,特别是脉冲星。因此,大质量紧凑天体的起源是一个普遍的问题。在这里,我们利用恒星结构爱因斯坦方程求解器 XNS 代码,在广义相对论中求解轴对称静止恒星平衡,从而探索大质量、磁化、旋转 NS 的存在。这种旋转的 NS 磁场和旋转轴错位,因此斜角不为零,可以发射连续引力波(GW)。我们讨论了由于欧姆、霍尔和安比极性扩散引起的磁场衰减,以及由于引力波和偶极辐射的角动量提取引起的角速度和斜角随时间的衰减,这些决定了与引力波发射有关的时间尺度。此外,在阿尔弗文时间尺度上,由于磁制动和粘度的作用,不同旋转的大质量原NS会迅速沉降为均匀旋转的小质量NS。这些探索表明,探测大质量 NS 具有挑战性,并设定了探测的时间尺度。我们计算了 GW 发射的信噪比,结果证实任何探测器都无法立即探测到它们,但爱因斯坦望远镜和宇宙探测器可以在几个月的积分时间内探测到它们,从而直接探测到 NSs。
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来源期刊
Astronomy Reports
Astronomy Reports 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
20.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Astronomy Reports is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original papers on astronomical topics, including theoretical and observational astrophysics, physics of the Sun, planetary astrophysics, radio astronomy, stellar astronomy, celestial mechanics, and astronomy methods and instrumentation.
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