Geobiochemical Characteristics of Snow Cover on the White Sea Coast in 2021 and 2022

IF 0.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES Water Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI:10.1134/s0097807823700306

E. I. Kotova, V. Yu. Topchaya, Yu. V. Novikova

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Abstract

For two years (2021 and 2022), snow sampling was carried out in the coastal zone of the Onega and Dvina Bays of the White Sea in the period of maximum snow accumulation (March). The snow was analyzed for the content of the major ions (Cl^–, \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺); nutrients (phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen), pH, and TDS. The algological composition of the snow cover was also studied. The results showed that the snow was slightly acidic (average pH 5.4). Cl^– and Na⁺ were the main ions in the coastal zone and \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\) and Ca²⁺, in the estuary zone. A high content of marine ions and mineralization were determined near the Paranikha Bay (Dvina Bay), where releases of sea water onto the ice occur annually. Compared to previous studies, in which snow samples were taken in the coastal zone, the concentration of marine ions in the territory under consideration is an order of magnitude higher. The effect of marine aerosols results in that the values of snow cover mineralization can reach 140–680 mg/L. The concentration of dissolved silicon in melt water is higher in the zone influenced by atmospheric emissions from urbanized territories (Arkhangelsk, Novodvinsk, Severodvinsk), as well as near the granite quarry on the coast of Onega Bay. During the study period, 14 taxa of microalgae (species and supraspecific taxa), belonging to the division Bacillariophyta, were found in snow samples. The maximum value of the total number of microalgae (1.293 thousand cells/L) in the snow cover was determined in 2022.

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2021 年和 2022 年白海沿岸积雪的地球生物化学特征

摘要两年来（2021 年和 2022 年），在积雪最多的时期（3 月），对白海奥涅加湾和德维纳湾沿海地区的积雪进行了采样。对雪中主要离子（Cl-、\({text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }}/）、Na+、Ca2+、K+）、营养物质（磷、硅、氮）、pH 值和 TDS 含量进行了分析。此外，还研究了积雪覆盖层的藻类组成。结果显示，积雪呈弱酸性（平均 pH 值为 5.4）。Cl- 和 Na+ 是沿海地区的主要离子，而 \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\ 和 Ca2+ 则是河口地区的主要离子。帕拉尼克哈湾（德维纳湾）附近的海洋离子含量和矿化度较高，每年都有海水释放到这里的冰面上。与之前在沿海地区采集雪样的研究相比，本研究区域的海洋离子浓度要高出一个数量级。由于海洋气溶胶的影响，雪盖矿化度值可达到 140-680 毫克/升。在受城市化地区（阿尔汉格尔斯克、新德文斯克、谢韦罗德文斯克）大气排放物影响的区域，以及奥涅加湾沿岸的花岗岩采石场附近，融水中的溶解硅浓度较高。在研究期间，在雪样中发现了 14 个微藻类群（种和超种类群），属于芽胞藻纲。雪层中微藻总数的最大值（129.3 万个细胞/升）是在 2022 年测定的。

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来源期刊

Water Resources 环境科学-水资源

CiteScore

1.60

自引率

20.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Water Resources is a journal that publishes articles on the assessment of water resources, integrated water resource use, water quality, and environmental protection. The journal covers many areas of research, including prediction of variations in continental water resources and regime; hydrophysical, hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and hydrobiological processes, environmental aspects of water quality and protection; economic, social, and legal aspects of water-resource development; and experimental methods of studies.