The Transformation of the Rotational Energy of an Accreting Kerr Black Hole

IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Astronomy Reports Pub Date : 2024-02-25 DOI:10.1134/S1063772923140202
Shu-Rui Zhang
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Abstract

Accretion of matter onto black holes (BHs) is a prevalent phenomenon in the cosmos, resulting in consequential changes to both the mass and irreducible mass of the BH. These alterations significantly impact the rotational energy reservoir harbored within. This study investigates the relationship between the increase in a BH’s irreducible mass and the augmentation of its total mass due to the infall of matter (test particles) from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a Kerr BH. Interestingly, the ratio of total mass growth to irreducible mass growth proves to be a non-monotonic function concerning the dimensionless spin parameter. It initially rises with spin, culminating near an extreme BH (\(\hat {a} \simeq 0.998\)), before declining. At the extreme BH position, the ratio is \(\frac{{dM}}{{d{{M}_{{{\text{irr}}}}}}} = \sqrt 2 \), indicating that accretion along the ISCO leads to the ultimate stabilization of the BH as an extreme one. Conversely, massless particles falling along unstable circular orbits exhibit a continuous increasing ratio of total mass growth to irreducible mass growth with respect to the dimensionless spin parameter.

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增殖克尔黑洞旋转能量的转变
摘要 物质向黑洞(BHs)的增殖是宇宙中的一种普遍现象,会导致黑洞的质量和不可还原质量发生相应的变化。这些变化极大地影响了黑洞内蕴藏的旋转能量库。本研究调查了由于克尔黑洞最内层稳定环形轨道(ISCO)注入物质(测试粒子)而导致的黑洞不可还原质量的增加与其总质量的增加之间的关系。有趣的是,总质量增长与不可还原质量增长之比证明是一个与无量纲自旋参数有关的非单调函数。它最初随着自旋而上升,在极端BH附近达到顶峰(\(\hat {a} \simeq 0.998\)),然后再下降。在极端BH位置,该比率为(\frac{dM}}{d{M}_{{text{irr}}}}}}} = \sqrt 2 \),表明沿着ISCO的吸积导致BH最终稳定为极端BH。相反,沿着不稳定的圆形轨道下落的无质量粒子,其总质量增长与不可还原质量增长之比相对于无量纲自旋参数呈现出持续增长的趋势。
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来源期刊
Astronomy Reports
Astronomy Reports 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
20.00%
发文量
57
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Astronomy Reports is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original papers on astronomical topics, including theoretical and observational astrophysics, physics of the Sun, planetary astrophysics, radio astronomy, stellar astronomy, celestial mechanics, and astronomy methods and instrumentation.
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