{"title":"Cohesin Complex: Structure and Principles of Interaction with DNA","authors":"Arkadiy K. Golov, Alexey A. Gavrilov","doi":"10.1134/s0006297924040011","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Accurate duplication and separation of long linear genomic DNA molecules is associated with a number of purely mechanical problems. SMC complexes are key components of the cellular machinery that ensures decatenation of sister chromosomes and compaction of genomic DNA during division. Cohesin, one of the essential eukaryotic SMC complexes, has a typical ring structure with intersubunit pore through which DNA molecules can be threaded. Capacity of cohesin for such topological entrapment of DNA is crucial for the phenomenon of post-replicative association of sister chromatids better known as cohesion. Recently, it became apparent that cohesin and other SMC complexes are, in fact, motor proteins with a very peculiar movement pattern leading to formation of DNA loops. This specific process has been called loop extrusion. Extrusion underlies multiple functions of cohesin beyond cohesion, but molecular mechanism of the process remains a mystery. In this review, we summarized the data on molecular architecture of cohesin, effect of ATP hydrolysis cycle on this architecture, and known modes of cohesin–DNA interactions. Many of the seemingly disparate facts presented here will probably be incorporated in a unified mechanistic model of loop extrusion in the not-so-distant future.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0006297924040011","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Accurate duplication and separation of long linear genomic DNA molecules is associated with a number of purely mechanical problems. SMC complexes are key components of the cellular machinery that ensures decatenation of sister chromosomes and compaction of genomic DNA during division. Cohesin, one of the essential eukaryotic SMC complexes, has a typical ring structure with intersubunit pore through which DNA molecules can be threaded. Capacity of cohesin for such topological entrapment of DNA is crucial for the phenomenon of post-replicative association of sister chromatids better known as cohesion. Recently, it became apparent that cohesin and other SMC complexes are, in fact, motor proteins with a very peculiar movement pattern leading to formation of DNA loops. This specific process has been called loop extrusion. Extrusion underlies multiple functions of cohesin beyond cohesion, but molecular mechanism of the process remains a mystery. In this review, we summarized the data on molecular architecture of cohesin, effect of ATP hydrolysis cycle on this architecture, and known modes of cohesin–DNA interactions. Many of the seemingly disparate facts presented here will probably be incorporated in a unified mechanistic model of loop extrusion in the not-so-distant future.
摘要 长线性基因组 DNA 分子的精确复制和分离与许多纯机械问题有关。SMC复合物是细胞机械的关键组成部分，可在分裂过程中确保姐妹染色体的分离和基因组DNA的压实。聚合素是真核生物 SMC 复合物的重要组成部分之一，具有典型的环状结构，其亚基间有孔隙，DNA 分子可穿过孔隙。粘合素对 DNA 的这种拓扑夹持能力对于姐妹染色单体复制后的结合现象至关重要，这种结合也被称为内聚。最近，人们发现，粘合素和其他 SMC 复合物实际上是一种运动蛋白，其运动模式非常奇特，可导致 DNA 环的形成。这一特殊过程被称为环挤压。挤压是凝聚素除内聚之外的多种功能的基础，但这一过程的分子机制仍是一个谜。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关凝聚素分子结构、ATP水解循环对该结构的影响以及凝聚素-DNA相互作用已知模式的数据。在不远的将来，这里介绍的许多看似互不相关的事实很可能会被纳入一个统一的环挤压机理模型中。
期刊介绍：
Biochemistry (Moscow) is the journal that includes research papers in all fields of biochemistry as well as biochemical aspects of molecular biology, bioorganic chemistry, microbiology, immunology, physiology, and biomedical sciences. Coverage also extends to new experimental methods in biochemistry, theoretical contributions of biochemical importance, reviews of contemporary biochemical topics, and mini-reviews (News in Biochemistry).
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