ZnAl2O4/SiO2 nanocatalyst: a new efficient catalyst for Biginelli reaction with a specific product under safe, green, and solvent-free conditions

IF 2.2 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI:10.1007/s13738-024-03020-y

Soodabeh Gharibeh

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Abstract

Lewis acid heterogeneous catalyst, ZnAl₂O₄/SiO₂ nanocomposite, was determined as a strong catalyst for the green and safe three-component reactions by the one-pot procedure. The effect of factors, such as the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of reactants, reflux time and temperature on the three-component reactions were investigated. Also, the parameters of green chemistry were studied. These reactions under solvent-free conditions in the presence of ZnAl₂O₄/SiO₂ dramatically increased the yield of the formation of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives in a very short time. The results showed that ZnAl₂O₄/SiO₂ under solvent-free conditions greatly accelerate the three-component reactions with the advance of imine pathway and preventing the formation of unwanted side-products. Also, aromatic aldehydes with low electron density had the best outcomes. Lower reaction yield was produced by β-ketoesters with more steric hindrance. Without noticeably altering reaction time or yield, this catalyst employed six times. The technique is environmentally friendly, as shown by its low E-factor of 0.218–0.570 and high atom economy of 90.025–87.237.

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ZnAl2O4/SiO2 纳米催化剂：一种在安全、绿色和无溶剂条件下与特定产物进行比吉内利反应的新型高效催化剂

采用一锅法确定了路易斯酸异相催化剂 ZnAl2O4/SiO2 纳米复合材料为绿色安全的三组分反应的强催化剂。研究了催化剂用量、反应物摩尔比、回流时间和温度等因素对三组分反应的影响。此外，还研究了绿色化学参数。在 ZnAl2O4/SiO2 存在的无溶剂条件下，这些反应在很短的时间内极大地提高了生成二氢嘧啶酮衍生物的产率。结果表明，在无溶剂条件下，ZnAl2O4/SiO2 能大大加快三组分反应的进行，同时推进了亚胺途径的发展，防止了无用副产物的生成。此外，电子密度低的芳香醛的效果最好。立体阻碍较大的 β 酮类化合物的反应产率较低。在不明显改变反应时间或产率的情况下，这种催化剂被使用了六次。该技术对环境友好，因为它的电子系数低（0.218-0.570），原子经济性高（90.025-87.237）。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

8.30%

发文量

230

审稿时长

5.6 months

期刊介绍： JICS is an international journal covering general fields of chemistry. JICS welcomes high quality original papers in English dealing with experimental, theoretical and applied research related to all branches of chemistry. These include the fields of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry as well as the chemical biology area. Review articles discussing specific areas of chemistry of current chemical or biological importance are also published. JICS ensures visibility of your research results to a worldwide audience in science. You are kindly invited to submit your manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief or Regional Editor. All contributions in the form of original papers or short communications will be peer reviewed and published free of charge after acceptance.