Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society最新文献

Azo food dyes degrade to sulphonated as well as non-sulphonated carcinogenic aromatic amines (NSAA) under accidental exposure of aggravated environmental conditions. The targeted chromatographic achievements of eight NSAA viz. aniline, 4-aminoazobenzene, azobenzene, 4-aminobiphenyl, sudan-1, 1-napthylamine 4-methylimidazole and p-toluidine in degradation and stability samples of Sunset yellow and Ponceau 4R were exercised using validated HPLC–PDA method. The chromatographic retention of selected peaks were successfully achieved on Hyper Sil gold C8 Stationary phase (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) with ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) as mobile phase A and combination of acetonitrile and methanol as organic phase (mobile phase B) in gradient mode. The optimised analytical method was specific, accurate & precise and detector signal was observed linear in the range of 50–10,000 ng.mL⁻¹ for all aromatic amines. The stability of selected azo dyes was observed for three months at refrigerated (2–8° C) and at room temperature (25 °C) both in solid state and in liquid state. The degradation and stability data were mapped to reveal the essential pattern of carcinogenic aromatic amines formation using unsupervised learning approaches to discriminate the NSAA formation under forced degradation conditions and stability of selected dye/s at various storage conditions. The heatmap and PCA reveal that the stability of selected azo dyes at room temperature and in refrigerated storage conditions could be correlated with formation of 4-aminoazobenzene, azobenzene, 4-aminobiphenyl, sudan-1, 1-napthylamine and p-toluidine. As per regulatory guidelines, aniline formation should be observed during storage period, as contrast to traditional consideration of aniline as major NSAA, whose occurrence is in-general calculated as total NSAA formation, it was not observed in any storage sample.

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Cross-conjugated dienones are a family of organic compounds endowed with important chemical and biological properties. Their high reactivity especially as Michael acceptors, and also their interesting biological properties are highly related to their structures. This review covers the recent advances made in the synthesis methods, reactivity, and biological properties of cross-conjugated dienones and their hetero-analogs. The review summarizes the works published since 2000.

Using NaBaBi_1−xEu_xMoO₆:Eu³⁺(x = 0.0–0.24) europium activated bismuth containing double perovskite materials, a novel heterogeneous catalytic procedure was developed to prepare coumarin and its modified coumarins. Double perovskite catalyst predicts great activity toward a wide range of phenols with variety of that have been substituted with ketoesters in precise yields over short response times during the production of coumarin. Standard protocols were used to prepare various coumarin derivatives, characterized by spectral techniques and eventually evaluated against COLO205, A549, THP-1, B16 and U937 human cancer cells. Compared to the standard drug Etoposide, hybrid 3f demonstrated a higher affinity and better binding interactions with the above cancer cells. UV-fluorescence spectra were recorded for selected coumarin derivatives. However, it is stated here that these molecular hybrids of coumarin could serve as a great starting point for future research to create effective anticancer agents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) depict a class of solvents including some features of their ionic liquid cousins – relatively wide liquid range, low vapor pressure, and non-flammability. Nonetheless, since DESs are liquid and their transportation and separation are inconvenient, a new method is suggested that the immobilization of DESs on appropriate support could be a feasible solution. Herein, a DES-supported catalyst was prepared. Initially, metal–organic framework (MOF), NH₂- MIL-101(Cr), was modified with D-( +)-ribonic γ-lactone (RL), as a class of carbohydrates (CHs), which prepares plenty of hydroxyl groups on the surface for stabilizing choline chloride (ChCl) via hydrogen bonding, based on DESs. NH₂-MIL-101-RL@ChCl with appealing qualities like thermal and chemical stability and reusable catalyst is utilized for the one-pot synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-a] benzimidazoles. Its great catalytic performance was related to a synergistic effect between active sites of NH₂-MIL-101-RL and ChCl. The hot filtration test of the catalyst confirmed the heterogeneous nature and structural stability of the hybrid system. The porous NH₂-MIL-101-RL@ChCl was characterized using FTIR, powder XRD, SEM, EDX elemental mapping, TGA, and BET techniques.

Silicon dioxide/graphene oxide/aluminum oxide (SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃) nanocomposite was prepared for the ciprofloxacin (CPF) drug adsorption. The characterization techniques involving field-emission-scanning-electron-microscopy (FE-SEM) determined the topography of the nanocomposite and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) determined the particle size for SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃. The EDX confirmed the elemental composition of the materials incorporated, while the X-RD analysis inferred the crystalline nature of SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃. The FT-IR analysis showcased the role of the capping groups involved. The present study focuses on the adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CPF) drug onto SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃ regarding kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics studies, and factors, such as solution pH, temperature, concentration, and time. The outcome showed that the highest adsorption of CPF was observed onto the SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃ composite at pH 6.0. Similarly, the utmost adsorptive capacity of 499.44 mg g⁻¹ was achieved in 180 min and 500 mgL⁻¹ CPF solution concentration. The CPF uptake on SiO₂/GO/Al₂O₃ was in coordination with the pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters ciphered that the uptake of the CPF drug was spontaneous. The drug was easily desorbed using 0.1 M (aq) ethanol solution for six adsorption–desorption cycles.

The low tolerance of zeolite in hot liquid water (HLW) could induce crystalline structure destruction and decrease the catalytic activity in aqueous system. Herein, we report modification on the zeolite external surface using organosilane to enhance the hydrophobicity. Pristine NaY was synthesized with a Si/Al ratio of 2.314. HY parent was prepared by ion exchange of NaY zeolite in ammonium chloride solution 0.1 M. External surface of HY zeolite was modified with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES-HY). The structural stability of HY parent and modified HY after exposure to HLW was investigated at various times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 10, and 72 h) at 200 °C. The modification with organosilane led to enhanced hydrophobicity and stability in the biphasic system. It was confirmed by XRD and SEM characterizations where the crystallinity and morphology of the treated APTES-HY were more preserved compared to the treated HY parent. XRF characterization showed that the ratio of Si/Al decreased as the time of HLW treatment increased. The decreasing trend of Si/Al ratio might be due to the hydrolysis of Si⁴⁺ species from zeolite framework. TGA characterization supports that organic compound protects the external surface of zeolite from degradation in a HLW environment. These studies are expected to upgrade the applications of hydrophobic zeolite as a catalyst in biomass conversion.

The conventional route for the synthesis of methyl glycolate (MG) from chloroacetic acid (CA), sodium hydroxide and methanol involves mainly three steps: (1) hydrolysis of CA with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give glycolic acid, (2) condensation of glycolic acid to give glycolic acid oligomer, (3) transesterification of glycolic acid oligomer with methanol to give MG. In the present study, MG was synthesized in a single step by reaction of CA with sodium hydroxide and methanol in an autoclave reactor. The highest MG yield of 81.4% was obtained under suitable conditions of 8:1:1 methanol: sodium hydroxide: CA (molar ratio), after 5 h at 150 °C, in a laboratory autoclave reactor.

Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that was recently approved for the management of COVID-19 infection. This work aimed to develop a validated sensitive method, using sensor based on porous reduced graphene oxide decorated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-prGO) for the determination of FAV in pharmaceutical and biological samples. FE-SEM images showed that prGO nanosheets were decorated by flower-like ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter in the range of 23–63 nm found to be in good agreement with the reported XRD patterns. Electrochemical test showed that the ZnO-prGO modified carbon paste electrode (ZnO-prGO/CPE) had stronger electrochemical activity and higher effective real surface area than that of prGO/CPE and CPE toward FAV oxidation. Interestingly, ZnO-prGO/CPE indicated an excellent electrocatalytic activity for FAV. Under the optimal experimental conditions, a good linear in the concentration range of 0.05–15 μmol L⁻¹ with the low limit of detection (7.32 nmol L⁻¹) and high sensitivity (8.90 μA μmol L⁻¹) was achieved. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of FAV in tablets, plasma and urine. The unique physical structure of prGO-ZnO, as well as its chemical and electrical properties, make it ideal to use in sensor technologies.