RFID-Based Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices

IF 2.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE journal of radio frequency identification Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI:10.1109/JRFID.2024.3390624
Francesco Lestini;Gaetano Marrocco;Cecilia Occhiuzzi
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Abstract

Modern wireless communication systems are becoming increasingly necessary, emphasizing the need for electromagnetic devices that can flexibly operate under different conditions, e.g., under power constraints or in hostile environments where scattering objects randomly modify coverage areas and communication links. Due to their ability to dynamically change operating frequency, radiation pattern, bandwidth characteristics, and polarization, reconfigurable objects (especially antennas and backscattering surfaces) have received significant attention in this context. Electromagnetic features can be electronically selected by controlling the bias voltage of tunable elements adequately integrated into the layout. Usually, this is done by employing external programmable controllers that need power sources and wired connections, leading to unusable configurations for several scenarios. Thus, exploring alternative electronic tuning mechanisms becomes essential. This paper proposes RFID-Based Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices as a wireless, cost-effective, and low-power solution. The system’s operating principle, potential architectures, and applicability in practical scenarios are presented. Theoretical and experimental analysis validate the proposed architecture, whose capabilities are finally demonstrated by prototyping and testing two reconfigurable antenna arrays.
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基于 RFID 的可重构电磁设备
现代无线通信系统变得越来越必要,这强调了对能够在不同条件下灵活运行的电磁设备的需求,例如,在功率受限或散射物体随机改变覆盖区域和通信链路的恶劣环境中。可重构物体(尤其是天线和后向散射表面)能够动态改变工作频率、辐射模式、带宽特性和极化,因此在这方面受到极大关注。通过控制已充分集成到布局中的可调元件的偏置电压,可对电磁特性进行电子选择。通常情况下,这是通过采用外部可编程控制器来实现的,而外部控制器需要电源和有线连接,从而导致在多种情况下无法使用配置。因此,探索其他电子调谐机制变得至关重要。本文提出了基于 RFID 的可重构电磁设备,作为一种无线、经济、低功耗的解决方案。本文介绍了该系统的工作原理、潜在架构以及在实际场景中的适用性。理论和实验分析验证了所提出的架构,并通过两个可重构天线阵列的原型设计和测试,最终证明了该架构的能力。
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