Bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of fungal commensalism and pathogenesis.

IF 14 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Trends in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2024.04.004
Christopher McCrory, Megan Lenardon, Ana Traven
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Abstract

The human gastrointestinal microbiome encompasses bacteria, fungi, and viruses forming complex bionetworks which, for organismal health, must be in a state of homeostasis. An important homeostatic mechanism derives from microbial competition, which maintains the relative abundance of microbial species in a healthy balance. Microbes compete for nutrients and secrete metabolites that inhibit other microbes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one such class of metabolites made by gut bacteria to very high levels. SCFAs are metabolised by microbes and host cells and have multiple roles in regulating cell physiology. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SCFAs regulate the fungal gut commensal Candida albicans. We discuss SCFA's ability to inhibit fungal growth, limit invasive behaviours and modulate cell surface antigens recognised by immune cells. We review the mechanisms underlying these roles: regulation of gene expression, metabolism, signalling and SCFA-driven post-translational protein modifications by acylation, which contribute to changes in acylome dynamics of C. albicans with potentially large consequences for cell physiology. Given that the gut mycobiome is a reservoir for systemic disease and has also been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, understanding the mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites, such as SCFAs, control the mycobiome might provide therapeutic avenues.

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细菌衍生的短链脂肪酸是真菌共生和致病的潜在调节剂。
人体胃肠道微生物群包括细菌、真菌和病毒,形成复杂的仿生网络,为了机体健康,这些微生物必须处于平衡状态。微生物竞争是一种重要的平衡机制,它能使微生物物种的相对数量保持健康平衡。微生物争夺营养物质,并分泌抑制其他微生物的代谢物。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)就是肠道细菌制造的一类代谢物,其含量非常高。SCFAs 由微生物和宿主细胞代谢产生,在调节细胞生理方面具有多重作用。在这里,我们回顾了 SCFAs 调节肠道共生真菌白色念珠菌的机制。我们讨论了 SCFA 抑制真菌生长、限制入侵行为和调节免疫细胞识别的细胞表面抗原的能力。我们回顾了这些作用的内在机制:基因表达调控、新陈代谢、信号传导和 SCFA 驱动的翻译后蛋白质酰化修饰,这些作用导致白僵菌酰基组动态发生变化,并可能对细胞生理产生重大影响。鉴于肠道霉菌生物群是全身性疾病的储藏库,也与炎症性肠病有关,了解细菌代谢产物(如 SCFAs)控制霉菌生物群的机制可能会提供治疗途径。
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来源期刊
Trends in Microbiology
Trends in Microbiology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
25.30
自引率
0.60%
发文量
193
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Trends in Microbiology serves as a comprehensive, multidisciplinary forum for discussing various aspects of microbiology, spanning cell biology, immunology, genetics, evolution, virology, bacteriology, protozoology, and mycology. In the rapidly evolving field of microbiology, technological advancements, especially in genome sequencing, impact prokaryote biology from pathogens to extremophiles, influencing developments in drugs, vaccines, and industrial enzyme research.
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