Evolution of worldwide geothermal power 2020–2023

IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Geothermal Energy Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI:10.1186/s40517-024-00290-w
Luis C. A. Gutiérrez-Negrín
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Abstract

Only 32 countries in the world have geothermal power plants in operation, with a combined capacity of 16,318 MW installed in 198 geothermal fields with 673 individual power units. Almost 37% of those units are of flash type with a combined capacity of 8598 MW (52.7% of total), followed by binary ORC type units with 25.1% of the installed capacity. The select list of geothermal power countries continues to be headed by the US, followed by Indonesia, the Philippines and Türkiye, and generated 96,552 GWh of electricity, at an average annual capacity factor of 67.5%, which represented 0.34% of the worldwide electric generation. Electricity from geothermal origin represented more than 10% of the total generated in at least seven countries, headed by Kenya, Iceland, and El Salvador. Practically, all geothermal fields in operation are harnessing resources from hydrothermal, conventional reservoirs, through an estimate of 3700 production wells at an annual average production of almost 3 MWh per well. Things could be similar in the next few years if the current trend continues, but all can change due to the world urgency to maintain global warming below the 1.5 °C threshold in the following years.

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2020-2023 年全球地热发电的发展变化
全世界只有 32 个国家有地热发电厂在运行,198 个地热田共安装了 673 个独立发电单元,总装机容量为 16318 兆瓦。其中近 37% 的机组为闪蒸型,总装机容量为 8598 兆瓦(占总装机容量的 52.7%),其次是二元 ORC 型机组,占总装机容量的 25.1%。美国仍是地热发电大国,其次是印度尼西亚、菲律宾和土耳其,年均发电量为 965.52 亿千瓦时,年均容量系数为 67.5%,占全球发电量的 0.34%。肯尼亚、冰岛和萨尔瓦多等至少七个国家的地热发电量占总发电量的 10%以上。实际上,所有正在运行的地热田都在利用热液、常规储层的资源,估计有 3700 口生产井,每口井的年平均产量接近 3 兆瓦时。如果目前的趋势继续下去,未来几年的情况可能会类似,但由于世界迫切需要在未来几年将全球变暖保持在 1.5 °C 的临界值以下,一切都有可能发生变化。
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来源期刊
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
7.10%
发文量
25
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Geothermal Energy is a peer-reviewed fully open access journal published under the SpringerOpen brand. It focuses on fundamental and applied research needed to deploy technologies for developing and integrating geothermal energy as one key element in the future energy portfolio. Contributions include geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies; exploration of geothermal fields; reservoir characterization and modeling; development of productivity-enhancing methods; and approaches to achieve robust and economic plant operation. Geothermal Energy serves to examine the interaction of individual system components while taking the whole process into account, from the development of the reservoir to the economic provision of geothermal energy.
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