Charge-4e and Charge-6e Flux Quantization and Higher Charge Superconductivity in Kagome Superconductor Ring Devices

Abstract

The flux quantization is a key indication of electron pairing in superconductors. For example, the well-known $h/2e$ flux quantization is considered strong evidence for the existence of charge-$2e$, two-electron Cooper pairs. Here we report evidence for multicharge flux quantization in mesoscopic ring devices fabricated using the transition-metal kagome superconductor ${\mathrm{CsV}}_3{\mathrm{Sb}}_5$. We perform systematic magnetotransport measurements and observe unprecedented quantization of magnetic flux in units of $h/4e$ and $h/6e$ in magnetoresistance oscillations. Specifically, at low temperatures, magnetoresistance oscillations with period $h/2e$ are detected, as expected from the flux quantization for charge-$2e$ superconductivity. We find that the $h/2e$ oscillations are suppressed and replaced by resistance oscillations with $h/4e$ periodicity when the temperature is increased. Increasing the temperature further suppresses the $h/4e$ oscillations, and robust resistance oscillations with $h/6e$ periodicity emerge as evidence for charge-$6e$ flux quantization. Our observations provide the first experimental evidence for the existence of multicharge flux quanta and emergent quantum matter exhibiting higher-charge superconductivity in the strongly fluctuating region above the charge-$2e$ Cooper pair condensate, revealing new insights into the intertwined and vestigial electronic order in kagome superconductors.