A comprehensive approach to phytochemical analysis of macromolecular composites that protect tubers: case studies in suberized potato periderm tissues

IF 7.3 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Phytochemistry Reviews Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1007/s11101-024-09974-4
Keyvan Dastmalchi, Van Chanh Phan, Subhasish Chatterjee, Bingwu Yu, Mercè Figueras, Olga Serra, Ruth E. Stark
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Abstract

Terrestrial plants rely on protection conferred by their outer coverings to defend against desiccation, bruising, and microbial invasion. For food staples such as potato tubers, the periderm contains the phellem (tuber skin) which creates a hydrophobic barrier by depositing macromolecular composites comprised of waxes, soluble phenolics, and a complex aliphatic suberin polyester (or suberin aliphatic domain) and lignin-like biopolymer (or suberin polyphenolic domain) within the previously formed polysaccharide cell wall. The antibacterial activity of both the soluble chemical constituents and their solid polymeric assemblies provides essential plant defense; their antioxidant and waterproofing properties also offer practical potential for sustainable food preservation and packaging applications. To characterize these phytochemical composites comprehensively and in molecular detail, we developed an approach that coordinates ‘bottom-up’ analysis of extracted metabolites that include suberin precursors, solid-state NMR spectroscopy of the polymers in intact skins or solid suspensions, and ‘top-down’ analysis of chemical breakdown products of suberin. The usefulness of analytical methods that include LC–MS, GC–MS, multivariate analysis, solid-state NMR, SEM, and TEM is illustrated for studies of molecular and supramolecular structures that underlie protective function in three potato periderm systems: (1) native tuber periderms versus suberized wound-healing tissues including closing layer and wound periderm; (2) metabolites unleashed in rapid response to wounding prior to formation of suberized tissues; (3) wild type versus genetically modified potato varieties with altered suberin deposition. We also demonstrate how enrichment with stable 13C and 15N isotopes can improve our understanding of how the suberin biopolymer molecular structure develops, increasing the reach of MS, 2D solid-state NMR, and dynamic nuclear polarization spectroscopic methods and revealing phenolic amide constituents that could represent an underappreciated part of the plant’s defensive arsenal.

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对保护块茎的大分子复合材料进行植物化学分析的综合方法:亚硬化马铃薯表皮组织的案例研究
陆生植物依靠外表皮提供的保护来抵御干燥、碰伤和微生物入侵。对于马铃薯块茎等主食来说,外皮包含块茎皮,块茎皮通过在先前形成的多糖细胞壁内沉积由蜡、可溶性酚类、复杂的脂肪族单宁聚酯(或单宁脂肪族结构域)和木质素类生物聚合物(或单宁多酚结构域)组成的大分子复合体,形成疏水屏障。可溶性化学成分及其固态聚合物组合体的抗菌活性提供了重要的植物防御功能;它们的抗氧化和防水特性也为可持续食品保鲜和包装应用提供了实际潜力。为了全面、详细地描述这些植物化学复合体的分子特征,我们开发了一种协调 "自下而上 "分析提取代谢物(包括单宁前体)、完整表皮或固体悬浮液中聚合物的固态核磁共振光谱以及 "自上而下 "分析单宁化学分解产物的方法。在研究支撑三种马铃薯外皮系统保护功能的分子和超分子结构时,说明了包括 LC-MS、GC-MS、多元分析、固态核磁共振、扫描电镜和 TEM 在内的分析方法的实用性:(1)原生块茎外皮与包括闭合层和伤口外皮在内的硬化伤口愈合组织;(2)在硬化组织形成之前对伤口快速反应释放的代谢物;(3)野生型与改变了单宁沉积的转基因马铃薯品种。我们还展示了用稳定的 13C 和 15N 同位素富集如何增进我们对单宁生物聚合物分子结构发展过程的了解,提高 MS、二维固态 NMR 和动态核偏振光谱方法的应用范围,并揭示可能代表植物防御武器中未被充分重视的一部分的酚酰胺成分。
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来源期刊
Phytochemistry Reviews
Phytochemistry Reviews PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
16.30
自引率
2.60%
发文量
54
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Phytochemistry Reviews is the sole review journal encompassing all facets of phytochemistry. It publishes peer-reviewed papers in six issues annually, including topical issues often stemming from meetings organized by the Phytochemical Society of Europe. Additionally, the journal welcomes original review papers that contribute to advancing knowledge in various aspects of plant chemistry, function, biosynthesis, effects on plant and animal physiology, pathology, and their application in agriculture and industry. Invited meeting papers are supplemented with additional review papers, providing a comprehensive overview of the current status across all areas of phytochemistry.
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