Phytochemistry Reviews最新文献

The genus Asphodelus L. (family: Asphodelaceae) comprises ca. 20 hardy herbaceous, perennial flowering plant species, and is native to Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Mediterranean region, and temperate Europe, and naturalized in Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, and some parts of the USA. The Asphodelus species have long been used as traditional medicines for the treatment of acne, alopecia, burns, earache, eczema, local inflammation, psoriasis, and toothache. Since the publication of the last review in 2019, which essentially covered the published literature until the end of 2018, several articles have been published reporting the identification of various secondary metabolites including anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenolic acids and demonstrating the therapeutic potential of the genus Asphodelus. This review article critically appraises the literature on this genus published during 2019–2023 on therapeutic potential and phytochemistry. During this period, among the identified compounds from various Asphodelus species, including A. aestivus Brot., A. albus Mill., A. bento-rainhae P. Silva, A. fistulosus L., A. macrocarpus Salzm. Viv., A. ramosus L. and A. tenuifolius Cav., the phytochemicals of the classes of anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenolic acids were the most dominating ones. Numerous studies established the therapeutic potential of the Asphodelus species mainly against cancer, diabetes, microbial infections, and various ailments caused by oxidative stress. None or negligible toxicity could be observed in the toxicological studies, suggesting an acceptable level of safety of Asphodelus products for potential therapeutic applications.

Gram-negative bacteria are nonfermentative and opportunistic and are among the most important causes of nosocomial infections. These bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli, are resistant to various antibiotics worldwide. This level of antibiotic resistance as well as the overuse of drugs can be among the most important reasons for the tendency toward naturally occurring products. Although the majority of natural products have much greater antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative ones, in this review, we presented natural products with anti-gram-negative bacteria and their mechanisms of action. Phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids and organosulfur compounds are among the most important classes of antimicrobial natural products and are briefly discussed.

Polyphenols are known to have positive effects on health. Consuming fruits rich in polyphenols can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Drinking fruit juices or other fruit-derived beverages can be an enjoyable way to incorporate fruit’s nutritional benefits and flavor into the diet. However, concerns have been raised that drinking fruit juices and contain too little fiber compared to whole fruit, can lead to weight gain. Despite the differences in chemical composition and health effects, fruit-derived beverages are still a healthy option. This article summarizes the chemical composition and health benefits of commonly consumed fruit juices and beverages made from polyphenol-rich fruits. Based on the reviewed papers, apple, blackberry, cherry, Citrus, cranberry, grape and pomegranate juices have preventive effects on degenerative diseases like cardiovascular and neurological illness and diabetes. Furthermore, some juice has also different favourable effects ie. cranberry juice is important for the prevention of mainly urinary tract infections and Helicobacter infections, Citrus juices have antimicrobial action against a wide range of pathogens. In view of their use as food, increasing studies on fruit drinks are extremely important for health.

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood sugar levels, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, increased angiogenesis, and a multitude of associated complications. The use of herbs in the treatment of diabetes has been a longstanding practice, proving effective in preventing and treating diabetic symptoms. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain largely unexplored. A versatile class of phytochemicals, the chalcone, serves as precursor to a wide range of flavonoids, obtained naturally and derived synthetically as well as semi synthetically found effective in treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Natural chalcones and its plant metabolites were reported effective in treating diabetes and related complications by virtue of their interaction with diverse metabolic targets involved in glucose homeostasis. This review specifically explores studies on such natural chalcones, its plant metabolites and phyto-complexes conducted within the last decade on drug targets of Type 2 diabetes mellitus like α-glucosidase, PTP1B, α-amylase, DPP-IV, aldose reductase, PPARγ.

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Type 2 diabetes is marked by elevated blood sugar levels and linked to impaired insulin secretion and resistance to insulin. Researchers are continuously investigating different classes of phytochemicals including natural pigments for their potential direct or indirect advantages in the prevention and/or control of diabetes. In this review, clinical trials, animal studies, and cell culture models, as well as in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and in silico molecular docking studies were covered for pigmented phytochemicals including anthocyanins, carotenoids, betalains, chlorophylls, curcumin, and phycocyanins. Recent research has shown that the anti-diabetic effects of pigments include (1) inhibition of ROS formation, (2) downregulation of inflammatory response like inhibiting COX, or regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), (3) regulation of multiple signal pathways such as NF-κB, AMPK, MAPK, (4) inhibition of cell apoptosis, according to the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax; and cell proliferation via PI3K/Akt pathways, and (5) digestive enzyme inhibition, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, among others.

Bergamottin (BGM), major furanocoumarins present in citrus fruits such as grapefruit. BGM is found in both the skin and flesh of grapefruit and has been reported in flavedo at concentrations as high as 666.54 μg g⁻¹ dry weight.BGM has been reported to induce elevated bioavailability of drugs via the inhibition of multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYPs3A4. The present review will focus on anti-cancer, ant-inflammatory, anti-obesity potential of bergamottin through literature review and in silico study. Thorough literature search was carried out utilizing specialized and dedicated search platforms.In different types of cancer BGM has anticancer effect. NF-κB inhibition by BGM is a desirable way to manage inflammation.In diabetes treatment, it increased glucose uptake by 41.6% after a 24-h period. In obese patients, BGM affected the expression of adipogenic factors during 3T3-L1 differentiation and ampK signalling activation.Role of bioactive compound against inflammation, cancer and diabetes analyzed through network pharmacology (ADME, Networking and Docking). Gene ontology and Kegg analysis showed BGM is effective through dfferent cancer and immune system pathways. Docking analysis performed by receptor protein 6Y3C (Human COX-1) and 6DWM that have best fit with the compound: Bergamottin having docking scores of −8.46 and −11.1 respectively. In conclusion, BGM can be characterized as novel compound in drug development.

An increasing interest in plant protein–metabolite interactions has occurred in the past decade due to advancements in technology and methodology. Metabolite receptors especially are of great importance in plant research due to their role in cell signaling for the regulation of growth and development and environmental sensing. Energy, carbon, and nitrogen signaling through AMPK/SNF1/SnRK1, TOR, and PII receptors are core components conserved across Kingdoms of Life and what is known in plants often came first from study in non-plant systems. In contrast, known phytohormone receptors are relatively distinct to plants and identified within a plant system. Therefore, this review will give an update on known plant receptors for energy, carbon, and nitrogen signaling as well as phytohormones, focusing on the detection methods used to provide our current understanding of their function in the plant. Finally, it will address emerging strategies for identifying protein–metabolite interactions to discover novel plant receptors.

Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. has been long used as a traditional medicine in China, Korea, and Japan. Diseases like neuralgia, dropsy, gout, brucellosis, dermatitis, nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis have been treated by J. rigida. According to most studies of the plant, these uses above are mainly attributed to its phytochemical composition, which turns out rich in phenolics, terpenoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and volatile compounds. In recent years, more and more reports are pointing out the bioactive potential of this evergreen shrub in a wide range of different biomedical fields, namely antioxidant, anti-wrinkling, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenicity, anti-obesity, anti-cholinesterase, anti-fungal activities. Despite these promising results, more in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to provide more evidence and methods for its application in cosmetics and pharmacology. Therefore, we conducted the first review on J. rigida, a recalcitrant plant and a promising source of bioactive compounds and medical outcomes, to outline and summarize all the bioactive compounds and biomedical activities reported so far.

Hesperidin, a glycosylated flavanone abundant in nature, is an antioxidant widely researched in the pharmaceutical industry for its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-aging, cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. Despite the extensive literature highlighting these therapeutic activities, there remains a significant gap in understanding hesperidin role across other fields. This review aims at demonstrating hesperidin applications beyond pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the food, feed, and environmental fields. For this purpose, a brief description of the biosynthesis pathway of hesperidin in citrus plants is provided as well as its main chemical derivatives. In the food industry, hesperidin and its derivatives are commercialized as dietetic supplements and have been studied as food additives and active ingredients in edible food packaging. Within the feed industry, meat and/or eggs from animals supplemented with hesperidin show higher oxidative stability and prolonged shelf life. Moreover, in the environment research, hesperidin induces plant tolerance against abiotic factors and shows biopesticide activity.

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Bidens pilosa also known as blackjack, Spanish needles, or beggar’s ticks, is native to central and southern America but has drastically spread to other parts of the world including Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its folklore use as a traditional herb and food supplement has been noted for many years, which triggered research interest in its phytochemistry and possible pharmacological actions. Phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of B. pilosa has revealed the presence of many phytocompounds of pharmacological importance. In the present review paper, some of the phytochemicals belonging to polyacetylenes, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, and coumarins present in the different solvent extracts of the plant parts or whole plant have been considered to exert a range of therapeutic actions such as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemorrhoid, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, diuretic, anti-allergy, anti-angiogenic and anti-fungal effects. This review discusses the pharmacological actions of active secondary metabolites in B. pilosa and their potential mechanisms contributing to specific pharmacological actions.

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