The Collatz Conjecture & Non-Archimedean Spectral Theory - Part I - Arithmetic Dynamical Systems and Non-Archimedean Value Distribution Theory

IF 0.5 Q4 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS P-Adic Numbers Ultrametric Analysis and Applications Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1134/s2070046624020055
Maxwell C. Siegel
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Abstract

Let \(q\) be an odd prime, and let \(T_{q}:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}\) be the Shortened \(qx+1\) map, defined by \(T_{q}\left(n\right)=n/2\) if \(n\) is even and \(T_{q}\left(n\right)=\left(qn+1\right)/2\) if \(n\) is odd. The study of the dynamics of these maps is infamous for its difficulty, with the characterization of the dynamics of \(T_{3}\) being an alternative formulation of the famous Collatz Conjecture. This series of papers presents a new paradigm for studying such arithmetic dynamical systems by way of a neglected area of ultrametric analysis which we have termed \(\left(p,q\right)\)-adic analysis, the study of functions from the \(p\)-adics to the \(q\)-adics, where \(p\) and \(q\) are distinct primes. In this, the first paper, working with the \(T_{q}\) maps as a toy model for the more general theory, for each odd prime \(q\), we construct a function \(\chi_{q}:\mathbb{Z}_{2}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{q}\) (the Numen of \(T_{q}\)) and prove the Correspondence Principle (CP): \(x\in\mathbb{Z}\backslash\left\{ 0\right\} \) is a periodic point of \(T_{q}\) if and only there is a \(\mathfrak{z}\in\mathbb{Z}_{2}\backslash\left\{ 0,1,2,\ldots\right\} \) so that \(\chi_{q}\left(\mathfrak{z}\right)=x\). Additionally, if \(\mathfrak{z}\in\mathbb{Z}_{2}\backslash\mathbb{Q}\) makes \(\chi_{q}\left(\mathfrak{z}\right)\in\mathbb{Z}\), then the iterates of \(\chi_{q}\left(\mathfrak{z}\right)\) under \(T_{q}\) tend to \(+\infty\) or \(-\infty\).

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科拉茨猜想与非阿基米德谱理论 - 第一部分 - 算术动态系统与非阿基米德值分布理论
Abstract Let \(q\) be an odd prime, and let \(T_{q}:\(T_{q}:rightarrow/mathbb{Z}/)是缩短的(qx+1)映射,如果(n)是偶数,则定义为(T_{q}left(n/right)=n/2);如果(n)是奇数,则定义为(T_{q}left(n/right)=left(qn+1/right)/2)。这些映射的动力学研究因其难度而臭名昭著,其中 \(T_{3}\) 的动力学特征是著名的科拉茨猜想的另一种表述。这一系列论文通过超计量分析中一个被忽视的领域提出了研究这种算术动力系统的新范式,我们称之为 \(left(p,q\right)\)-adic analysis,即研究从 \(p\)-adics 到 \(q\)-adics 的函数,其中 \(p\) 和 \(q\) 是不同的素数。在本文,也就是第一篇论文中,我们用 \(T_{q}\) 映射作为更一般理论的玩具模型,对于每个奇素数 \(q\),我们构造了一个函数 \(\chi_{q}:\mathbb{Z}_{2}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{q}\)(\(T_{q}\) 的 Numen),并证明了对应原理(CP):\(x\in\mathbb{Z}\backslash\left\{ 0\right\}\) 是(T_{q}\)的周期点,当且仅当(\mathfrak{z}\in\mathbb{Z}_{2}\backslash\left\{ 0、1,2,\ldots\right}\) 所以(\chi_{q}\left(\mathfrak{z}\right)=x\ )。此外,如果 \(\mathfrak{z}\in\mathbb{Z}_{2}\backslash\mathbb{Q}\) 使得 \(\chi_{q}\left(\mathfrak{z}\right)\in\mathbb{Z}\)、那么在(T_{q})下 \(chi_{q}left(\mathfrak{z}right)\)的迭代趋向于(+\infty\)或(-\infty\)。
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来源期刊
P-Adic Numbers Ultrametric Analysis and Applications
P-Adic Numbers Ultrametric Analysis and Applications MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS-
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: This is a new international interdisciplinary journal which contains original articles, short communications, and reviews on progress in various areas of pure and applied mathematics related with p-adic, adelic and ultrametric methods, including: mathematical physics, quantum theory, string theory, cosmology, nanoscience, life sciences; mathematical analysis, number theory, algebraic geometry, non-Archimedean and non-commutative geometry, theory of finite fields and rings, representation theory, functional analysis and graph theory; classical and quantum information, computer science, cryptography, image analysis, cognitive models, neural networks and bioinformatics; complex systems, dynamical systems, stochastic processes, hierarchy structures, modeling, control theory, economics and sociology; mesoscopic and nano systems, disordered and chaotic systems, spin glasses, macromolecules, molecular dynamics, biopolymers, genomics and biology; and other related fields.
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