The Sensitivity of NEO Surveyor to Low-perihelion Asteroids

IF 3.8 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS The Planetary Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI:10.3847/psj/ad42a2
Joseph R. Masiero, Yuna G. Kwon, Dar W. Dahlen, Frank J. Masci, Amy K. Mainzer
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Abstract

Asteroids with low orbital perihelion distances experience extreme heating from the Sun that can modify their surfaces and trigger nontypical activity mechanisms. These objects are generally difficult to observe from ground-based telescopes due to their frequent proximity to the Sun. The Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission, however, will regularly survey down to solar elongations of 45° and is well suited for the detection and characterization of low-perihelion asteroids. Here, we use the survey simulation software tools developed for mission verification to explore the expected sensitivity of NEO Surveyor to these objects. We find that NEO Surveyor is expected to be >90% complete for near-Sun objects larger than D ∼ 300 m. Additionally, if the asteroid (3200) Phaethon underwent a disruption event in the past to form the Geminid meteor stream, Surveyor will be >90% complete to any fragments larger than D ∼ 200 m. For probable disruption models, NEO Surveyor would be expected to detect dozens of objects on Phaethon-like orbits, compared to a predicted background population of only a handful of asteroids, setting strong constraints on the likelihood of this scenario.
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近地天体巡天探测器对低近日点小行星的灵敏度
轨道近日点距离较低的小行星会受到来自太阳的极端加热,从而改变其表面并引发非典型的活动机制。这些天体由于经常接近太阳,一般很难从地面望远镜观测到。然而,近地天体巡天探测器(NEO Surveyor)任务将定期巡天至太阳45度,非常适合低近日点小行星的探测和定性。在此,我们使用为任务验证而开发的巡天模拟软件工具来探索近地天体巡天者对这些天体的预期灵敏度。此外,如果小行星(3200)Phaethon 在过去经历了一次扰动事件,形成了双子座流星群,那么对于任何大于 D ∼ 200 米的碎片,近地天体巡天者的探测将达到 90%的完整度。对于可能的破坏模型,近地天体勘测者预计将探测到数十个位于类似辉卫一轨道上的天体,而预测的背景天体数量仅为少数几个小行星,这对这种情况发生的可能性提出了强有力的限制。
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来源期刊
The Planetary Science Journal
The Planetary Science Journal Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
249
审稿时长
15 weeks
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