Specific, nondestructive, and durable adhesion primer for polyolefins

Abstract

Gluing polyolefins [e.g., polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)] results in a very challenging task. The main reason relies on their low surface energy, which reduces the affinity between the polyolefin surface and the chosen adhesive. To tackle this problem, the most commonly used solutions are physical surface treatments, such as plasma, corona, and flame, which introduce hydrophilic moieties on the plastics surface, thus increasing their surface energy. These approaches require special setups, are unspecific, and can induce material degradation. Furthermore, they provide a transient solution, making the storage of pretreated substrates not recommended. In this work, we developed an easy-to-apply primer for durable bonding of adhesives on PE and PP, as robust alternative to physical treatments. Our primer contains a surface-anchoring moiety and an adhesive-binding group to covalently react with the polyolefin substrate and with the glue. As a surface-anchoring moiety, we chose the perfluorophenylazide (PFPA), which is known to undergo a C–H insertion reaction upon UV activation, while as adhesive-binding groups, we selected OH functions, which can covalently react with the most common commercially available glues. When these two features (i.e., PFPA and OH) are combined in a single molecule, the reaction with the substrate does not occur and the molecule is only physisorbed, inducing no adhesion improvement. Chemisorption only occurs with bicomponent formulations, comprising a hydrophobic trifunctional PFPA and a polymer bearing OH and PFPA groups. Those induced improved adhesion on PP compared to the golden standard plasma with polyurethane-based and two-component epoxy adhesives. Storing the coated substrates at room temperature for up to two months did not alter the adhesion performance, thus further ascribing the developed primers as a promising alternative to plasma treatment.