Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes and Heat Stress over Eastern India

IF 1.9 4区地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI:10.1007/s00024-024-03497-x

Javed Akhter, Riddhima Biswas, Lalu Das, Subrata Kumar Midya

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Abstract

The rise of extreme heat events and increase in heat stress under changing climate has been a major concern in recent periods. The present study has been undertaken to analyze temperature extremes and heat stress patterns over Eastern India during the period 1981–2020 for April, May, and June (AMJ). Six indices namely, Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), Monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), Monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature (TXn), Monthly minimum value of daily minimum temperature (TNn), Percentage of days when maximum temperature > 90th percentile (TX90p) and minimum temperature > 90th percentile (TN90p) have been utilized to assess the changes in temperature extremes. Furthermore, three heat stress indices (HSIs) namely, Humidex, Simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Apparent Temperature have been used to estimate and categorize heat stress levels. Mixed results with both increasing and decreasing trends over different parts of the study area have been observed during three months in case of TXx, TXn, TNx, and TNn. During AMJ, there has been amplification in the frequency of TX90p over coastal regions of West Bengal and Odisha in latest decades. Increasing TN90p frequency has been found over Sikkim, Bihar, and North Bengal while it has decreased over Chhattisgarh and Odisha. The frequency of strong heat stress has intensified over Gangetic West Bengal and Bihar during recent decades. Spatial coverage of strong stress has also gradually extended and the area under no stress has decreased during AMJ season.

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印度东部极端气温和热应力的近期变化

在气候不断变化的情况下，极端高温事件的增多和热应力的增加一直是近来人们关注的主要问题。本研究分析了 1981-2020 年期间印度东部四月、五月和六月（AMJ）的极端气温和热应力模式。研究采用了六项指数，即月最高日气温值（TXx）、月最高日最低气温值（TNx）、月最低日最高气温值（TXn）、月最低日最低气温值（TNn）、最高气温超过第 90 百分位数（TX90p）和最低气温超过第 90 百分位数（TN90p）的天数百分比来评估极端气温的变化。此外，还采用了三种热应力指数（HSI），即湿度指数、简化湿球温度指数和表面温度指数，对热应力水平进行估计和分类。在 TXx、TXn、TNx 和 TNn 的三个月中，在研究区域的不同地区观察到了上升和下降趋势的混合结果。近几十年来，在 AMJ 期间，西孟加拉邦和奥迪沙沿海地区的 TX90p 频率有所上升。锡金、比哈尔邦和北孟加拉邦的 TN90p 频率增加，而恰蒂斯加尔邦和奥迪沙邦的 TN90p 频率下降。近几十年来，在恒河流域的西孟加拉邦和比哈尔邦，强热应激的频率有所上升。在 AMJ 季节，强热应力的空间覆盖范围也逐渐扩大，而无热应力的地区则有所减少。

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来源期刊

pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

240

审稿时长

9.8 months

期刊介绍： pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.