Melatonin in energy control: Circadian time-giver and homeostatic monitor

IF 8.3 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Journal of Pineal Research Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1111/jpi.12961
Etienne Challet, Paul Pévet
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Abstract

Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized from dietary tryptophan in various organs, including the pineal gland and the retina. In the pineal gland, melatonin is produced at night under the control of the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Under physiological conditions, the pineal gland seems to constitute the unique source of circulating melatonin. Melatonin is involved in cellular metabolism in different ways. First, the circadian rhythm of melatonin helps the maintenance of proper internal timing, the disruption of which has deleterious effects on metabolic health. Second, melatonin modulates lipid metabolism, notably through diminished lipogenesis, and it has an antidiabetic effect, at least in several animal models. Third, pharmacological doses of melatonin have antioxidative, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in various in vitro cellular models. As a result, melatonin can be considered both a circadian time-giver and a homeostatic monitor of cellular metabolism, via multiple mechanisms of action that are not all fully characterized. Aging, circadian disruption, and artificial light at night are conditions combining increased metabolic risks with diminished circulating levels of melatonin. Accordingly, melatonin supplementation could be of potential therapeutic value in the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders. More clinical trials in controlled conditions are needed, notably taking greater account of circadian rhythmicity.

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能量控制中的褪黑激素:昼夜节律时间提供者和平衡监测器。
褪黑素是一种神经激素,由饮食中的色氨酸在松果体和视网膜等多个器官中合成。在松果体中,褪黑激素是在位于下丘脑上核的主时钟控制下于夜间产生的。在生理条件下,松果体似乎是循环褪黑激素的唯一来源。褪黑激素以不同方式参与细胞代谢。首先,褪黑激素的昼夜节律有助于维持适当的体内时间,而昼夜节律的破坏会对新陈代谢健康产生有害影响。其次,褪黑激素可调节脂质代谢,特别是通过减少脂肪生成,至少在几种动物模型中具有抗糖尿病作用。第三,在各种体外细胞模型中,药理剂量的褪黑激素具有抗氧化、清除自由基和抗炎特性。因此,褪黑素既可被视为昼夜节律时间的提供者,也可被视为细胞新陈代谢的稳态监测器,其作用机制多种多样,但尚未完全定性。衰老、昼夜节律紊乱和夜间人工光照是新陈代谢风险增加和褪黑激素循环水平降低的综合条件。因此,补充褪黑激素对治疗或预防代谢紊乱具有潜在的治疗价值。需要在受控条件下进行更多的临床试验,特别是要更多地考虑昼夜节律性。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pineal Research
Journal of Pineal Research 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
17.70
自引率
4.90%
发文量
66
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Pineal Research welcomes original scientific research on the pineal gland and melatonin in vertebrates, as well as the biological functions of melatonin in non-vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms. Criteria for publication include scientific importance, novelty, timeliness, and clarity of presentation. The journal considers experimental data that challenge current thinking and welcomes case reports contributing to understanding the pineal gland and melatonin research. Its aim is to serve researchers in all disciplines related to the pineal gland and melatonin.
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