Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

IF 2.4 2区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Head & Face Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1186/s13005-024-00428-y

Karolin Charlotte Hoefer, Anna Greta Barbe, Anne Adams, Christoph Schoppmeier, Michael Jochen Wicht, Lutz T Weber, Michael J Noack, Isabelle Graf

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Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) directly affects oral health. Yet data about halitosis in young CKD patients and the impact of dental prophylaxis is limited. Therefore, as part of this randomized clinical trial, halitosis in young CKD patients undergoing intensive or standard oral preventive procedures was to be explored.

Methods: Three volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were measured in 30 young patients with CKD (mean age 14.2 years; 16 males, 14 females). Breath samples were taken after 3 and 6 months and analyzed with selective gas chromatography (OralChroma). Tongue coating (Winkel Index) and clinical indices to determine local inflammation or oral hygiene (Papillary Bleeding Index and Quigley-Hein Index) were assessed. Within an extended anamnesis, patients and their mothers and nurses were questioned about the perceived halitosis. Corresponding quotes were noted verbatim. Patients were randomized to either intensive need-related oral health care measures (oral preventative program, OPP) or a one-stage standard prevention (treatment as usual, TAU).

Results: While there were no differences in volatile sulfur compound levels between TAU and OPP at the three time points of measurements (p > 0.05), there was a tendency towards a reduction in dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide of affected patients within the OPP group over time. Looking at potential differences between both groups with regard to tongue coating, significant differences were observed between baseline and 3 months after study start in the OPP group, and between baseline and 6 months after study start in the TAU group (p < 0.05). The burden of halitosis was frequently reported by patients' mothers and nurses.

Conclusions: Young CKD patients regularly suffered from halitosis and dimethyl sulfide was its main source. Preventive measures mainly resulted in a reduction of tongue coating.

Trial registration: The German Clinical Trial Register (# DRKS00010580).

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年轻慢性肾病患者的口臭：随机对照试验的结果。

背景：慢性肾脏病（CKD）直接影响口腔健康。然而，有关年轻的 CKD 患者口臭以及牙科预防措施的影响的数据却很有限。因此，作为这项随机临床试验的一部分，将对接受强化或标准口腔预防程序的年轻 CKD 患者的口臭情况进行调查：方法：在 30 名年轻的慢性肾脏病患者（平均年龄 14.2 岁；男性 16 人，女性 14 人）中测量了三种挥发性硫化合物（硫化氢、甲硫醇和二甲基硫醚）。分别在 3 个月和 6 个月后采集呼吸样本，并使用选择性气相色谱法（OralChroma）进行分析。对舌苔（Winkel 指数）和确定局部炎症或口腔卫生的临床指数（乳头出血指数和 Quigley-Hein 指数）进行了评估。在详细的病史询问中，患者及其母亲和护士都被问及口臭的感受。逐字记录了相应的引语。患者被随机分配到与需求相关的强化口腔保健措施（口腔预防计划，OPP）或单阶段标准预防（常规治疗，TAU）：结果：在三个测量时间点上，TAU 和 OPP 的挥发性硫化合物水平没有差异（P > 0.05），但随着时间的推移，OPP 组受影响患者的二甲基硫醚和硫化氢有减少的趋势。从两组患者舌苔的潜在差异来看，OPP 组患者在基线与研究开始后 3 个月之间，TAU 组患者在基线与研究开始后 6 个月之间存在显著差异（p 结论：OPP 组和 TAU 组患者在基线与研究开始后 3 个月之间存在显著差异，TAU 组患者在基线与研究开始后 6 个月之间存在显著差异：年轻的慢性肾脏病患者经常口臭，而二甲基硫醚是口臭的主要来源。预防措施主要是减少舌苔：试验注册：德国临床试验注册（# DRKS00010580）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Head & Face Medicine DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Head & Face Medicine is a multidisciplinary open access journal that publishes basic and clinical research concerning all aspects of cranial, facial and oral conditions. The journal covers all aspects of cranial, facial and oral diseases and their management. It has been designed as a multidisciplinary journal for clinicians and researchers involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of diseases which affect the human head and face. The journal is wide-ranging, covering the development, aetiology, epidemiology and therapy of head and face diseases to the basic science that underlies these diseases. Management of head and face diseases includes all aspects of surgical and non-surgical treatments including psychopharmacological therapies.