Generalist southern African temperate forest canopy tree species have distinct pollinator communities partially predicted by floral traits

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI:10.1111/aec.13523
Rudi Crispin Swart, Sjirk Geerts, James Stephen Pryke, Anina Coetzee
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Abstract

Forest canopies provide important resources for insect communities via flowers. Yet, pollination systems of tall forest trees are poorly studied, resulting from the difficulties in observing pollinator activity at the canopy level and great temporal variation in flower production. In temperate forest canopies of the southern hemisphere, small, whitish and generalist flowers seem to dominate. Here, we observed insect flower visitors, at the canopy level, to four southern Afrotemperate forest tree species bearing small, white to green flowers in a large, indigenous forest. Additionally, we quantified flower traits and collected pollen from representative insect visitors. A total of 105 insect species, from 48 families and 7 orders, were observed visiting flowers. In terms of total flower visits, the generalist Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) made up ca. 57% of all flower visits. A third of the total observation time covered crepuscular to nocturnal flower visits; yet only 12.68% of total visits took place during this time. Interestingly, despite both trees and insects being largely generalist in their interactions with one another (supported by the presence of conspecific and heterospecific pollen on most flower visitors), some insect species showed strong preferences for specific species of tree, driving dissimilar, interspecific assemblages of flower visitors. The pollinator community disparity may be explained through the unique and dissimilar floral traits for each tree species, both in flower size and in petal reflectance. We conclude that within generalist pollination systems, distinct and non-random mutualisms can develop between different species of plants and a diverse suite of pollinators, and that floral traits could partially predict such interactions.

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南部非洲温带森林树冠的通才树种具有不同的授粉者群落,这在一定程度上是由花的特征所预测的
森林树冠通过花朵为昆虫群落提供了重要资源。然而,对高大林木授粉系统的研究却很少,原因是很难在树冠层观察到授粉昆虫的活动,而且花朵产量的时间变化很大。在南半球的温带森林树冠中,小型、白色和通性花卉似乎占主导地位。在这里,我们从树冠层观察了一个大型原生林中四个开白色到绿色小花的南部非洲温带森林树种的昆虫访花者。此外,我们还对花的特征进行了量化,并收集了具有代表性的昆虫访花者的花粉。共观察到 105 种昆虫访花,它们来自 48 科 7 目。就访花总数而言,综合昆虫开普蜜蜂(Apis mellifera capensis)约占访花总数的 57%。总观察时间的三分之一涵盖了昼伏夜出的访花活动,但在此期间访花的次数仅占总次数的 12.68%。有趣的是,尽管树木和昆虫在相互交往中基本上都是通性昆虫(大多数访花昆虫身上都有同种和异种花粉),但一些昆虫物种对特定树种表现出强烈的偏好,从而导致访花昆虫的种间组合出现差异。授粉者群落的差异可以通过每个树种在花朵大小和花瓣反射率方面独特而不同的花朵特征来解释。我们的结论是,在通性授粉系统中,不同种类的植物和不同的传粉昆虫之间可以形成独特的、非随机的互作关系,而花的特征可以部分预测这种相互作用。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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