Null cross-modal effects of olfactory training on visual, auditory or olfactory working memory in 6- to 9-year-old children.

IF 1.7 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI:10.1080/09602011.2024.2343484
Michal Pieniak, Marta Rokosz, Paulina Nawrocka, Aleksandra Reichert, Barbara Zyzelewicz, Mehmet K Mahmut, Anna Oleszkiewicz
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Abstract

Systematic exposure to odours (olfactory training, OT) is a method of smell loss treatment. Due to olfactory system projections to prefrontal brain areas, OT has been hypothesized to enhance cognitive functions, but its effects have been studied predominantly in adults. This study tested OT effects on working memory (WM), i.e., the ability to store and manipulate information for a short time, in healthy children aged 6-9 years. We expected OT to improve olfactory WM and establish cross-modal transfer to visual and auditory WM. Participants performed 12 weeks of bi-daily OT with either 4 odours (lemon, eucalyptus, rose, cloves; OT group) or odourless propylene glycol (placebo group). Pre- and post-training, participants' WM was measured utilizing odours (olfactory WM) or pictures (visual WM) and a word-span task (auditory WM). 84 children (40 girls) completed the study. The analyses revealed no changes in the WM performance following OT. The olfactory WM task was the most difficult for children, highlighting the need to include olfactory-related tasks in educational programmes to improve children's odour knowledge and memory, just as they learn about sounds and pictures. Further neuroimaging research is needed to fully understand the impact of OT on cognitive functions in children.

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嗅觉训练对 6 至 9 岁儿童的视觉、听觉或嗅觉工作记忆的跨模态效应为零。
系统性接触气味(嗅觉训练,OT)是治疗嗅觉缺失的一种方法。由于嗅觉系统投射到大脑前额叶区域,因此人们假定嗅觉训练能增强认知功能,但其效果主要是在成人身上进行研究的。本研究测试了 OT 对 6-9 岁健康儿童工作记忆(WM)的影响,即短时间储存和处理信息的能力。我们期望加时训练能改善嗅觉工作记忆,并建立向视觉和听觉工作记忆的跨模态转移。参与者进行了为期 12 周的双日 OT 训练,训练内容为 4 种气味(柠檬、桉树、玫瑰、丁香;OT 组)或无味丙二醇(安慰剂组)。在训练前和训练后,利用气味(嗅觉 WM)或图片(视觉 WM)和单词跨度任务(听觉 WM)测量参与者的 WM。84 名儿童(40 名女孩)完成了这项研究。分析表明,加时训练后的 WM 表现没有变化。嗅觉 WM 任务对儿童来说是最难的,这说明有必要在教育计划中加入与嗅觉相关的任务,以提高儿童的气味知识和记忆力,就像他们学习声音和图片一样。要全面了解定向行走对儿童认知功能的影响,还需要进一步的神经影像学研究。
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来源期刊
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
7.40%
发文量
78
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation publishes human experimental and clinical research related to rehabilitation, recovery of function, and brain plasticity. The journal is aimed at clinicians who wish to inform their practice in the light of the latest scientific research; at researchers in neurorehabilitation; and finally at researchers in cognitive neuroscience and related fields interested in the mechanisms of recovery and rehabilitation. Papers on neuropsychological assessment will be considered, and special topic reviews (2500-5000 words) addressing specific key questions in rehabilitation, recovery and brain plasticity will also be welcomed. The latter will enter a fast-track refereeing process.
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