New records of early Paleocene (earliest Torrejonian) plesiadapiforms from northeastern Montana, USA, provide a window into the diversification of stem primates.

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Human Evolution Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103500
Brody T Hovatter, Stephen G B Chester, Gregory P Wilson Mantilla
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Abstract

Plesiadapiforms (putative stem primates) appear in the fossil record shortly after the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and subsequently radiated throughout the Paleocene into a taxonomically and ecomorphologically diverse group. The oldest known plesiadapiforms come from early Puercan (the oldest North American Land Mammal 'age' [NALMA] of the Cenozoic) deposits in northeastern Montana, and all records of Puercan plesiadapiforms are taxonomically restricted to members of the Purgatoriidae and the enigmatic genus Pandemonium. Plesiadapiform diversity substantially increased in the following Torrejonian NALMA, but the sparse record of faunas between the Puercan and the well-known middle and late Torrejonian has hampered our understanding of this important interval in early primate evolution. Here we report new plesiadapiform dental fossils from early Torrejonian (To1) deposits from the Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation in northeastern Montana that record several poorly known taxa including members of the Purgatoriidae, Paromomyidae and Pandemonium, and that document the largest and most diverse assemblage of To1 plesiadapiforms known. We describe a new species of the purgatoriid Ursolestes (Ursolestes blissorum, sp. nov.) that represents the largest plesiadapiform known from the early Paleocene and, among other taxa, provides additional evidence that the temporal range of purgatoriids extended into the Torrejonian. Large sample sizes of the oldest known paromomyid, Paromomys farrandi, allowed us to document intraspecific variability and one undescribed tooth locus. Our observations illuminate changes in dental morphology of some taxa that occurred in To1 and may inform the acquisition of certain diagnostic plesiadapiform dental characters. We evaluate plesiadapiform species richness, mean body mass and body-mass disparity through the Paleocene and reveal unrecognized levels of richness in To1 and a general trend of stable body mass and body-mass disparity. Our findings contribute to documented patterns of plesiadapiform provincialism in the early Paleocene and shed light on the early stages of their Torrejonian radiation.

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来自美国蒙大拿州东北部的古新世早期(托雷戎纪早期)蝶形目新记录为了解茎灵长类动物的多样化提供了一个窗口。
白垩纪/古近纪边界之后不久,褶皱类灵长类(假定的干灵长类)出现在化石记录中,随后在整个古近纪辐射成为一个在分类学和形态学上多样化的类群。目前已知的最古老的犁头猿来自蒙大拿州东北部的早期普尔坎(新生代最古老的北美陆地哺乳动物 "时代"[NALMA])沉积物,所有关于普尔坎犁头猿的记录在分类学上都仅限于Purgatoriidae和神秘的Pandemonium属的成员。在随后的托勒戎纪(NALMA)中,栉水母形目动物的多样性大幅增加,但在普尔坎期与众所周知的托勒戎纪中晚期之间的动物群记录稀少,这阻碍了我们对早期灵长类演化过程中这一重要时期的了解。在这里,我们报告了来自蒙大拿州东北部联合堡地层 Tullock 成员早期托勒戎纪(To1)沉积物中的新的犁齿化石,其中记录了几个鲜为人知的类群,包括嘌呤科、鹦嘴科和大戟科的成员,并记录了目前已知的规模最大、种类最丰富的 To1 犁齿化石群。我们描述了嘌呤虫类的一个新种 Ursolestes(Ursolestes blissorum,新种),它代表了古新世早期已知的最大的褶皱蝶形目,并与其他类群一起提供了更多证据,证明嘌呤虫类的时间范围延伸到了托里戎纪。我们对已知最古老的副颌类动物 Paromomys farrandi 进行了大量取样,从而记录了其种内变异性和一个未被描述的牙齿位点。我们的观察结果揭示了一些类群的牙齿形态在 To1 中发生的变化,并可能为获得某些具有诊断意义的 plesiadapiform 牙齿特征提供了信息。我们评估了古新世中犁头形类的物种丰富度、平均体重和体重差异,发现了 To1 中未被认识到的丰富程度,以及体重和体重差异稳定的总体趋势。我们的研究结果为古新世早期犁头形类的省区化模式提供了资料,并揭示了其托里霍尼亚辐射的早期阶段。
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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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