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Jaw-muscle fiber architecture and skull form facilitate relatively wide jaw gapes in male cercopithecoid monkeys 颚肌纤维结构和头骨形态有利于雄性腕足动物形成相对较宽的颚间隙
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103601
In primates and other mammals, the capacity to generate a wide maximum jaw gape is an important performance variable related to both feeding and nonfeeding oral behaviors, such as canine gape display and clearing the canines for use as weapons during aggressive encounters. Across sexually dimorphic catarrhine primates, gape is significantly correlated with canine height and with musculoskeletal features that facilitate wide gapes. Given the importance of canine gape behaviors in males as part of intrasexual competition for females, functional relationships between gape, canine height, and musculoskeletal morphology can be predicted to differ between the sexes. We test this hypothesis by investigating sex-specific relationships among these variables in a maximum sample of 32 cercopithecoid species. Using phylogenetic least squares regression, we found that of 18 predicted relationships, 16 of the 18 (89%) were significant in males, whereas only six (33%) were significant in females. Moreover, 15 of the 18 correlations were higher—10 of the 18 significantly higher—in males than in females. Males, but not females, showed strong and significant positive allometry of fiber lengths, indicating that increase in male jaw length is accompanied by allometric increases in the capacity for muscle stretch. While males and females showed significant negative allometry for muscle leverage, only males showed significant negative allometry of muscle leverage relative to jaw gape and canine height. Collectively, these results provide support for the hypothesis that as selection acted to increase relative canine height in male cercopithecoids, one change was an allometric increase in relative maximum jaw gape, along with allometric increases in musculoskeletal morphologies that facilitate gape. Lastly, if gape and canine display/clearance are key targets of selection on masticatory morphology in male cercopithecoids, then cercopithecoid monkeys such as macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys may have diminished utility as models for drawing paleobiological inferences from musculoskeletal morphology about feeding behavior and diet in fossil hominins.
在灵长类和其他哺乳动物中,产生宽阔的最大下颌间隙的能力是与进食和非进食口腔行为有关的一个重要的性能变量,例如犬齿间隙显示和在攻击性交锋中清除犬齿以用作武器。在性双态的猫科灵长类动物中,犬齿间隙与犬齿的高度以及有助于形成宽大间隙的肌肉骨骼特征显著相关。鉴于雄性犬齿张开行为是性内争夺雌性的重要手段之一,可以预测犬齿张开、犬身高和肌肉骨骼形态之间的功能关系在两性之间会有所不同。我们在 32 个栉水母类物种的最大样本中研究了这些变量之间的性别特异性关系,从而验证了这一假设。通过系统发育最小二乘法回归,我们发现在 18 个预测关系中,16 个(89%)在雄性中显著,而只有 6 个(33%)在雌性中显著。此外,在 18 种相关关系中,雄性有 15 种高于雌性,其中有 10 种显著高于雌性。雄性(而非雌性)的纤维长度表现出强烈且显著的正异构性,这表明雄性下颌长度的增加伴随着肌肉伸展能力的异构增加。虽然雄性和雌性的肌肉杠杆都表现出显著的负异化作用,但只有雄性的肌肉杠杆相对于下颌角和犬齿高度表现出显著的负异化作用。总之,这些结果为以下假设提供了支持,即随着雄性嵴椎动物相对犬齿高度的增加,其中一个变化是相对最大下颌张开度的异速增加,以及促进张开度的肌肉骨骼形态的异速增加。最后,如果颌骨张开和犬齿显示/清晰度是雄性栉猴咀嚼器形态选择的关键目标,那么猕猴、狒狒和土芒猴等栉猴作为从骨骼肌肉形态推断化石类人进食行为和饮食的古生物学模型的作用可能会减弱。
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引用次数: 0
A cadaveric study of wrist-joint moments in chimpanzees and orangutans with implications for the evolution of knuckle-walking 黑猩猩和猩猩腕关节力矩的尸体研究及其对指关节行走进化的影响。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103600
Understanding the mechanism underlying the evolution of knuckle-walking in African great apes but not in humans may provide important implications about the origin and evolution of human bipedal locomotion. In this study, aiming to reveal possible structural adaptations of the chimpanzee's forearm and hand musculature related to knuckle-walking, we measure the passive elastic moment of the chimpanzee's and orangutan's wrist as it was rotated into extension, immobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint at three different positions: extended (as in knuckle-walking), flexed (as in fist-walking), and an intermediate position. Our findings demonstrate that when the metacarpophalangeal joints are extended, the rigidity of the wrist joint in the extended direction increases. This increased rigidity is attributed to the passive elongation and force generation of digital flexor muscles, which are relatively short in chimpanzees. Consequently, this enhanced wrist-joint rigidity contributes to the stability and energetically efficient transmission of propulsive force to the ground during the stance phase. Overall, our study supports the hypothesis that knuckle-walking is an adaptation to terrestrial locomotion for an ancestor characterized by the restricted capacity for wrist extension owing to the relatively shorter tendons of digital flexor muscles.
了解非洲类人猿节肢行走的进化机制,而不是人类节肢行走的进化机制,可能会对人类两足运动的起源和进化产生重要影响。在这项研究中,为了揭示黑猩猩前臂和手部肌肉组织结构可能与指关节行走相关的适应性,我们测量了黑猩猩和猩猩手腕旋转到伸展时的被动弹性力矩,将掌指关节固定在三个不同的位置:伸展(如指关节行走)、屈曲(如握拳行走)和中间位置。我们的研究结果表明,当掌指关节伸展时,腕关节在伸展方向上的刚度会增加。这种刚性的增加归因于数字屈肌的被动伸长和发力,而黑猩猩的数字屈肌相对较短。因此,腕关节刚度的增强有助于在站立阶段将推进力稳定、高效地传递到地面。总之,我们的研究支持这样一个假设,即指关节行走是黑猩猩祖先对陆地运动的一种适应,这种适应的特点是,由于数字屈肌肌腱相对较短,腕关节的伸展能力受到限制。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to "The effect of bi-iliac breadth on core body temperature" [J. Hum. Evol. 195 (2024) 103580]. 髂骨宽度对核心体温的影响"[J. Hum. Evol. 195 (2024) 103580]的更正。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103602
Jennifer Eyre, Scott A Williams, Mark Grabowski, Sandra Winters, Herman Pontzer
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引用次数: 0
Humanlike manual activities in Australopithecus 南方古猿的类人手工活动。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103591
The evolution of the human hand is a topic of great interest in paleoanthropology. As the hand can be involved in a vast array of activities, knowledge regarding how it was used by early hominins can yield crucial information on the factors driving biocultural evolution. Previous research on early hominin hands focused on the overall bone shape. However, while such approaches can inform on mechanical abilities and the evolved efficiency of manipulation, they cannot be used as a definite proxy for individual habitual activity. Accordingly, it is crucial to examine bone structures more responsive to lifetime biomechanical loading, such as muscle attachment sites or internal bone architecture. In this study, we investigate the manual entheseal patterns of Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, and Australopithecus sediba through the application of the validated entheses-based reconstruction of activity method. Using a comparative sample of later Homo and three great ape genera, we analyze the muscle attachment site proportions on the thumb, fifth ray, and third intermediate phalanx to gain insight into the habitual hand use of Australopithecus. We use a novel statistical procedure to account for the effects of interspecies variation in overall size and ray proportions. Our results highlight the importance of certain muscles of the first and fifth digits for humanlike hand use. In humans, these muscles are required for variable in-hand manipulation and are activated during stone-tool production. The entheses of A. sediba suggest muscle activation patterns consistent with a similar suite of habitual manual activities as in later Homo. In contrast, A. africanus and A. afarensis display a mosaic entheseal pattern that combines indications of both humanlike and apelike manipulation. Overall, these findings provide new evidence that some australopith species were already habitually engaging in humanlike manipulation, even if their manual dexterity was likely not as high as in later Homo.
人类手部的进化是古人类学非常感兴趣的一个课题。由于手可以参与各种各样的活动,因此了解早期人类如何使用手可以获得有关生物文化进化驱动因素的重要信息。以往对早期人类手部的研究主要集中在整体骨骼形状上。然而,尽管这种方法可以提供有关机械能力和进化的操纵效率的信息,但它们不能作为个体习惯活动的确切代表。因此,研究对终生生物力学负荷更敏感的骨骼结构(如肌肉附着点或内部骨骼结构)至关重要。在这项研究中,我们通过应用经过验证的基于内含物的活动重建方法,研究了非洲澳洲人、非洲澳洲人和南非澳洲人的手动内含物模式。利用晚期智人和三个类人猿属的比较样本,我们分析了拇指、第五桡骨和第三中节指骨上肌肉附着部位的比例,以深入了解澳人猿惯用手的情况。我们使用了一种新的统计程序来解释总体尺寸和桡骨比例的种间差异的影响。我们的研究结果突显了第一和第五指骨上的某些肌肉对于像人类一样使用手的重要性。在人类中,这些肌肉是进行各种不同的手部操作所必需的,并在制作石器时被激活。sediba 猿的内含物表明,肌肉激活模式与晚期智人的一系列习惯性手部活动相一致。相比之下,非洲古人类和类人猿的内趾则显示出一种马赛克式的内趾模式,既有类似人类的操作迹象,也有类似类人猿的操作迹象。总之,这些发现提供了新的证据,证明一些澳洲石器物种已经习惯性地进行类似人类的操作,即使它们的手部灵活性可能没有晚期智人那么高。
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引用次数: 0
The dentition of a new adult Neanderthal individual from Grotte Mandrin, France 来自法国曼德林石窟的一个新的尼安德特人成年个体的牙齿。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103599
Grotte Mandrin is located in the middle Rhône River Valley, in Mediterranean France, and has yielded 11 Pleistocene archeological and paleoanthropological layers (ranging from the oldest layer J to the youngest layer B) dating from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to MIS 3. We report here the nearly complete dentition of an adult Neanderthal individual, nicknamed ‘Thorin,’ associated to the last phase of the Post-Neronian II, in layer B2 (∼44.50–42.25 ka). A previous paleogenetic analysis revealed that Thorin is a male individual and that he shows a deep genetic divergence with other penecontemporaneous Neanderthals from western Europe that possibly occurred ∼105 ka. The 31 teeth of Thorin (including two distomolars) are described and analyzed using microcomputed tomography imaging and are compared with other Neanderthals and modern humans. Based on direct observation and measurements on the fossil remains, and using microtomographic imaging, tooth wear, nonmetric characters, crown dimensions, and dental tissue proportions were investigated, and the shape of the enamel–dentine junction of the M2, M2, and M3 was analyzed by geometric morphometrics. Our results indicate that Thorin's teeth show dental characteristics typical of MIS 5–3 Neanderthals. It is also the first time that the presence of two distomolars is reported in a Neanderthal individual, a trait that is rare among modern human populations. Combined with the genetic peculiarities of this individual, the results of the present study imply either a process of morphological convergence among the latest Neanderthal groups or an underestimation of the genetic variability of recent Neanderthal groups.
曼德林石窟(Grotte Mandrin)位于法国地中海的罗讷河中游河谷,出土了 11 层更新世考古和古人类学岩层(从最古老的 J 层到最年轻的 B 层),年代从海洋同位素阶段(MIS)5 到 MIS 3。我们在此报告了一个昵称为 "Thorin "的尼安德特人成年个体的近乎完整的牙齿,该个体与后尼罗河第二期最后阶段的 B2 层(∼44.50-42.25 ka)有关。之前的古遗传学分析表明,Thorin 是一个男性个体,他与西欧其他半同期尼安德特人的遗传分化程度很深,可能发生在 105 ka ∼ 105 ka 之间。研究利用微计算机断层扫描成像技术对索林的 31 颗牙齿(包括两颗远臼齿)进行了描述和分析,并将其与其他尼安德特人和现代人进行了比较。根据对化石遗骸的直接观察和测量,并使用显微断层成像技术,研究了牙齿磨损、非度量特征、牙冠尺寸和牙齿组织比例,并通过几何形态计量学分析了 M2、M2 和 M3 的珐琅质与牙齿交界处的形状。我们的研究结果表明,索林的牙齿显示出 MIS 5-3 尼安德特人的典型牙齿特征。这也是首次报道尼安德特人有两颗远臼齿,而这一特征在现代人中十分罕见。结合该个体的遗传特征,本研究的结果意味着尼安德特人最新族群之间的形态趋同过程或低估了尼安德特人最新族群的遗传变异性。
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引用次数: 0
Persistent predators: Zooarchaeological evidence for specialized horse hunting at Schöningen 13II-4 持久的捕食者:舍宁根专门猎杀马匹的动物考古证据 13II-4
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103590
The Schöningen 13II-4 site is a marvel of Paleolithic archaeology. With the extraordinary preservation of complete wooden spears and butchered large mammal bones dating from the Middle Pleistocene, Schöningen maintains a prominent position in the halls of human origins worldwide. Here, we present the first analysis of the complete large mammal faunal assemblage from Schöningen 13II-4, drawing on multiple lines of zooarchaeological and taphonomic evidence to expose the full spectrum of hominin activities at the site—before, during, and after the hunt. Horse (Equus mosbachensis) remains dominate the assemblage and suggest a recurrent ambush hunting strategy along the margins of the Schöningen paleo-lake. In this regard, Schöningen 13II-4 provides the first undisputed evidence for hunting of a single prey species that can be studied from an in situ, open-air context. The Schöningen hominins likely relied on cooperative hunting strategy to target horse family groups, to the near exclusion of bachelor herds. Horse kills occurred during all seasons, implying a year-round presence of hominins on the Schöningen landscape. All portions of prey skeletons are represented in the assemblage, many complete and in semiarticulation, with little transport of skeletal parts away from the site. Butchery marks are abundant, and adult carcasses were processed more thoroughly than were juveniles. Numerous complete, unmodified bones indicated that lean meat and marrow were not always so highly prized, especially in events involving multiple kills when fat and animal hides may have received greater attention. The behaviors displayed at Schöningen continue to challenge our perceptions and models of past hominin lifeways, further cementing Schöningen's standing as the archetype for understanding hunting adaptations during the European Middle Pleistocene.
舍宁根 13II-4 遗址是旧石器时代考古学的一个奇迹。舍宁根遗址保存了中更新世时期的完整木矛和屠宰的大型哺乳动物骨骼,在全球人类起源研究中占有重要地位。在这里,我们首次分析了舍宁根 13II-4 号遗址出土的完整大型哺乳动物化石组合,通过动物考古学和岩石学等多方面的证据,揭示了该遗址中人类在狩猎前、狩猎中和狩猎后的全部活动。马(Equus mosbachensis)遗骸在这些遗骸中占主导地位,表明舍宁根古湖边缘地区经常出现伏击狩猎策略。在这方面,舍宁根 13II-4 号考古发掘提供了第一个无可争议的证据,证明了在原地、露天环境下对单一猎物物种的狩猎。舍宁根古人类很可能依靠合作狩猎策略以马家族为目标,而几乎排除了单身马群。马的捕杀发生在一年四季,这意味着舍宁根地区全年都有人类活动。猎物骨骼的所有部分都出现在采集物中,其中许多骨骼完整且处于半关节化状态,很少有骨骼部分被运离遗址。屠宰痕迹非常多,成年猎物的尸体比幼年猎物处理得更彻底。大量完整、未经修饰的骨骼表明,瘦肉和骨髓并不总是那么珍贵,尤其是在涉及多次宰杀的事件中,脂肪和兽皮可能会受到更多关注。舍宁根的行为继续挑战我们对过去类人生活方式的看法和模式,进一步巩固了舍宁根作为了解欧洲中更新世狩猎适应性的典型的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Craniomandibular variation in the endemic Hispaniolan primate, Antillothrix bernensis 伊斯帕尼奥拉岛特有灵长类动物 Antillothrix bernensis 的颅颌面变异
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103589
Here we describe new fossil material of Antillothrix bernensis, a Pleistocene-Holocene primate taxon from Hispaniola. It is now represented by seven crania, five mandibles, and dozens of postcranial elements from several paleontologically rich cave systems. The five adult crania included here share a similar overall profile as well as specific features such as a deep depression at the glabella. The complete anterior dentition of Antillothrix can now be described for the first time; short canine crowns, in the apicobasal dimension, compare well with titi monkeys, but the new crania and mandibles lack the specialized tall-crowned incisors of the extant pitheciids. They do, however, have a diastema between the lateral maxillary incisors and canines, a feature not present in the previously known crania. The new mandibles deepen posteriorly and have a medial inflection of the mandibular ramus, as in some pitheciids, but also share with Xenothrix a significant vertical narrowing of the corpus under P4/M1 not observed among extant taxa. Two of the specimens, a cranium and a mandible that do not fit together, exhibit congenitally absent third molars—a rarity among extant, noncallitrichine taxa. There is an approximately 1-kg range in the estimated body mass among the full Antillothrix sample (from 2.4 to 3.4 kg), as well as a range of approximately 5 cm3 of endocranial volume (from 40 to 45 cm3). With these extended ranges from the new specimens, Antillothrix can no longer be described as a taxon with a brain size smaller than that expected for its body size. Neither of these ranges in the brain size or body size is large enough to indicate a substantial level of sexual dimorphism or to necessitate separating the sample into male and female individuals. Given this, and the similar canine sizes for all specimens where they are present, the sample is consistent with a morphologically variable but monomorphic species.
在这里,我们描述了来自伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的更新世-全新世灵长类动物 Antillothrix bernensis 的新化石材料。目前,来自几个古生物资源丰富的洞穴系统的 7 个颅骨、5 个下颌骨和数十个颅后构件代表了这一类群。本文收录的五具成年颅骨具有相似的整体轮廓以及特殊的特征,例如颅盖上有一个很深的凹陷。Antillothrix的完整前牙现在可以首次描述了;短犬齿冠的尖底尺寸与缇猴相当,但新的颅骨和下颌骨缺乏现生栉水母类的特化高冠门齿。不过,它们的上颌外侧门齿和犬齿之间有一个间隙,这在以前已知的颅骨中是没有的。新的下颌骨后部加深,下颌横突内侧拐弯,与一些蝮蛇科动物相同,但也与 Xenothrix 相同,P4/M1 下的颌骨明显垂直变窄,这在现生类群中没有发现。其中两个标本(一个颅骨和一个下颌骨不吻合)显示先天性无第三臼齿--这在现存的非胼胝类群中十分罕见。在整个 Antillothrix 样本中,估计体重的范围约为 1 千克(从 2.4 千克到 3.4 千克),颅内容积的范围约为 5 立方厘米(从 40 立方厘米到 45 立方厘米)。随着新标本范围的扩大,Antillothrix 不再被描述为脑体积小于其体型预期的类群。无论是脑部大小还是体型大小的范围都没有大到足以表明有很大程度的性二型,也没有必要将样本分为雌雄个体。鉴于这一点,以及所有存在犬齿的标本犬齿大小相似,该样本与形态多变但单态的物种一致。
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引用次数: 0
Additional isolated hominin canine tooth from Kanapoi, Kenya 肯尼亚卡纳波伊出土的另一颗分离出的类人犬齿
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103592
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引用次数: 0
Molar enamel–dentine junction shape of Pliobates cataloniae and other Iberian pliopithecoids Pliobates cataloniae 和其他伊比利亚古猿的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿连接形状。
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103581

The phylogenetic relationships of the small-bodied catarrhine Pliobates cataloniae (∼11.6 Ma, NE Iberian Peninsula) have been controversial since its original description. However, the recent report of additional dentognathic remains has supported its crouzeliid pliopithecoid status. Based on the available hypodigm, the molar enamel–dentine junction (EDJ) shape of P. cataloniae is compared with that of other pliopithecoids from the same basin as well as both extinct and extant hominoids to further evaluate its pliopithecoid affinities. We also quantitatively compare the EDJ shape among these taxa by means of landmark-based three-dimensional geometric morphometrics using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis, and between-group PCA. Permutation tests are performed to test whether Pliobates variation exceeds that of extant hominoid genera. Results indicate that Pliobates is similar in molar EDJ shape to other pliopithecoids, particularly crouzeliids. The variation displayed by Pliobates upper molars is less marked at the EDJ level than at the outer enamel surface, probably owing to differential enamel wear and intraspecific differences in enamel thickness. Multivariate analyses of EDJ shape show that all pliopithecoids (including Pliobates) cluster together in the PCAs, canonical variate analyses, and between-group PCAs and occupy a different portion of the morphospaces from extinct and extant hominoids. Posterior and typicality probabilities strongly support the classification of Pliobates as a pliopithecoid, wheras permutation tests fail to reject the single-genus hypothesis for the P. cataloniae hypodigm. We conclude that P. cataloniae is a crouzeliid pliopithecoid, as recently supported by cladistic analyses of craniodental characters, and that previous cladistic results that supported a stem hominoid status are attributable to postcranial convergences with crown hominoids. Our results further highlight the potential of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics analyses of the EDJ shape for better informing fossil primate alpha-taxonomy by means of quantitatively testing hypotheses about tooth shape variation.

自最初描述以来,小体型白喉类动物Pliobates cataloniae(11.6 Ma∼,伊比利亚半岛东北部)的系统发育关系一直存在争议。然而,最近报告的更多牙齿残骸支持了其rouzeliid pliopithecoid的地位。根据现有的下模态,我们将卡塔卢尼亚豹的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿交界处(EDJ)形状与同一盆地的其他犁足类以及已灭绝和现存的人科动物的臼齿珐琅质-牙齿交界处(EDJ)形状进行了比较,以进一步评估其犁足类的亲缘关系。我们还利用主成分分析(PCA)、典型变量分析和组间 PCA,通过基于地标的三维几何形态计量学方法,定量比较了这些类群的 EDJ 外形。还进行了置换检验,以检验 Pliobates 的变异是否超过了现生同属类的变异。结果表明,Pliobates的臼齿EDJ形状与其他类人猿相似,尤其是rouzeliids。Pliobates上臼齿在EDJ层面上的变化不如外珐琅质表面明显,这可能是由于不同的珐琅质磨损和珐琅质厚度的种内差异造成的。EDJ形状的多变量分析表明,在聚类分析、典型变异分析和组间聚类分析中,所有的上类人猿(包括Pliobates)都聚集在一起,并占据了与已灭绝和现存的类人猿不同的形态空间。后验概率和典型概率都强烈支持将 Pliobates 划分为类人猿,而 permutation 检验则未能否定 P. cataloniae 的单属假说。我们的结论是,P. cataloniae属于颅齿特征的支系分析最近支持的rouzeliid pliopithecoid,而以前支持茎类人科地位的支系分析结果可归因于颅后与冠类人科的趋同。我们的研究结果进一步凸显了对EDJ形状进行三维几何形态计量学分析的潜力,通过定量检验有关牙齿形状变异的假设,可以更好地为灵长类化石α-分类学提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of bi-iliac breadth on core body temperature 髂骨宽度对核心体温的影响
IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103580

Thermoregulation is argued to be an important factor influencing body breadth in hominins based on the relationship of surface area to body mass first proposed by Bergmann. Selection for a narrow thorax, and thus a narrow pelvis, increases body surface area relative to body mass, which could be beneficial in hot climates if it leads to a decrease in core body temperature. However, the relationship between pelvic breadth and thermoregulation in humans has not been established. Although previous work has shown that bi-iliac breadth is significantly positively associated with latitude in humans, we lack an understanding of whether this association is due to climate-related selection, neutral evolutionary processes, or other selective pressures. A missing piece of the puzzle is whether body breadth at the iliac blades is an important factor in thermoregulation. Here, we examine this in a mixed-sex sample of 28 adult runners who ran for one hour at 3.14 m s−1 in a variety of climatic conditions while their core body temperatures were measured using internal temperature sensors. The association of maximum core temperature with anthropometric and demographic variables such as age, sex, mass, body fat percentage, and bi-iliac breadth was analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model. Due to the small sample size, the model was also bootstrapped. We found that an increase in absolute bi-iliac breadth was significantly associated with an increase in maximum core temperature. Overall, this preliminary analysis suggests a link between variation in bi-iliac breadth and maximum core body temperature during running, but further investigation is needed.

根据伯格曼首次提出的体表面积与体重的关系,体温调节被认为是影响类人猿体宽的一个重要因素。选择狭窄的胸部,从而选择狭窄的骨盆,增加了相对于体重的体表面积,如果这导致核心体温下降,在炎热的气候条件下可能是有益的。然而,人类骨盆宽度与体温调节之间的关系尚未确定。尽管之前的研究表明,人类的双髂骨宽度与纬度呈显著正相关,但我们并不了解这种关联是由于气候相关选择、中性进化过程还是其他选择性压力造成的。谜题中缺少的一块是,髂骨处的体宽是否是体温调节的一个重要因素。在这里,我们对 28 名成年跑步者进行了研究,他们在各种气候条件下以 3.14 米/秒的速度跑步一小时,同时使用体内温度传感器测量他们的核心体温。采用线性混合效应模型分析了最高核心体温与年龄、性别、体重、体脂百分比和双髂宽度等人体测量和人口统计学变量之间的关系。由于样本量较小,该模型还进行了引导分析。我们发现,双髂绝对宽度的增加与最高核心温度的增加有显著关联。总体而言,这项初步分析表明,跑步时双髂宽度的变化与最高核心体温之间存在联系,但仍需进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
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