A Review on Role of Wide Hybridization in Crop Improvement

Abstract

Wide hybridization in crop plants involves crossing two distantly related species to initiate desirable traits, such as disease resistance, into a cultivated crop. This technique expands the genetic diversity accessible for breeding programs, enhancing the adaptability and resilience of crops. Wide hybrids often surpass limitations of conventional breeding by incorporating unique genetic material. However, difficulties arise due to reproductive barriers and genomic incompatibilities between divergent species. Researchers employ techniques like embryo rescue and tissue culture to overcome these hurdles. Despite its potentiality, wide hybridization requires careful selection and extensive backcrossing to stabilize desired traits. The resulting crops may show improved resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental stressors, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security. Continuous advancements in molecular biology and genomics facilitate the identification and transfer of specific genes, accelerating the development of wide hybrid varieties with enhanced agronomic traits.