Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84858
Ashok. N. Chaudhary, N. N. Prajapati, Jigar Desai
The field experiment conducted at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, evaluated the response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to different spacing and fertilizer levels across multiple seasons (2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21). The result of the experiment indicated plant height at 30, 60 days after sowing (DAS), and at harvest was significantly highest in the S3 spacing treatment (22.5 cm x 15 cm). Similarly, the F3 fertilizer treatment (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) resulted in significantly taller plants at these stages compared to other fertilizer levels. While spacing did not significantly affect inflorescence length and girth, treatment with F3 fertilizer (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) notably increased these parameters compared to other fertilizer treatments. On a pooled basis, spacing treatment S1 (30 cm x 10 cm) significantly increased grain and straw yield. Likewise, fertilizer treatment F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) resulted in significantly higher grain and straw yield compared to other fertilizer levels. Spacing treatment S1 (30 cm x 10 cm) demonstrated the highest net return and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) in economic terms. Similarly, fertilizer treatment F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) showed the highest net return and BCR among the different fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, the experiment highlights that spacing S3 (22.5 cm x 15 cm) and fertilizer F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) are optimal for achieving maximum plant height, inflorescence development, grain and straw yield, as well as economic profitability in quinoa cultivation. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing productivity and economic viability in the cultivation of this promising pseudo-cereal crop.
{"title":"Response of Quinoa to Different Levels of Spacing and Fertilizer","authors":"Ashok. N. Chaudhary, N. N. Prajapati, Jigar Desai","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84858","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment conducted at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, evaluated the response of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to different spacing and fertilizer levels across multiple seasons (2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21). The result of the experiment indicated plant height at 30, 60 days after sowing (DAS), and at harvest was significantly highest in the S3 spacing treatment (22.5 cm x 15 cm). Similarly, the F3 fertilizer treatment (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) resulted in significantly taller plants at these stages compared to other fertilizer levels. While spacing did not significantly affect inflorescence length and girth, treatment with F3 fertilizer (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) notably increased these parameters compared to other fertilizer treatments. On a pooled basis, spacing treatment S1 (30 cm x 10 cm) significantly increased grain and straw yield. Likewise, fertilizer treatment F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) resulted in significantly higher grain and straw yield compared to other fertilizer levels. Spacing treatment S1 (30 cm x 10 cm) demonstrated the highest net return and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) in economic terms. Similarly, fertilizer treatment F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) showed the highest net return and BCR among the different fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, the experiment highlights that spacing S3 (22.5 cm x 15 cm) and fertilizer F3 (60-40-40 NPK kg/ha) are optimal for achieving maximum plant height, inflorescence development, grain and straw yield, as well as economic profitability in quinoa cultivation. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing productivity and economic viability in the cultivation of this promising pseudo-cereal crop.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"8 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation carried out during the Kharif season 2023 at Deeksha Bhawan Entomology Field, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, (Uttar Pradesh). During the investigation it has been revealed that the infestation of the shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella on shoots of okra commenced in the 4th week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the last week of September. The infestation of pests on fruits started in the last week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the 43rd standard metrological week. The correlation studies showed that the maximum temperature, minimum temperatures, relative humidity morning, and relative humidity evening had a non-significant positive correlation while rainfall showed a negative non-significant effect on shoot infestation. However, the infestation of E. vitella on fruits of okra showed a negative non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, relative humidity morning and rainfall while minimum temperature and relative humidity evening had a negative significant correlation.
{"title":"Seasonal Incidence of Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella) in Okra","authors":"Diplal Chaudhary, Saroj Chauhan, Ritesh Kumar, Jatin Kumar Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84859","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation carried out during the Kharif season 2023 at Deeksha Bhawan Entomology Field, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, (Uttar Pradesh). During the investigation it has been revealed that the infestation of the shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella on shoots of okra commenced in the 4th week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the last week of September. The infestation of pests on fruits started in the last week of August which gradually increased and peaked in the 43rd standard metrological week. The correlation studies showed that the maximum temperature, minimum temperatures, relative humidity morning, and relative humidity evening had a non-significant positive correlation while rainfall showed a negative non-significant effect on shoot infestation. However, the infestation of E. vitella on fruits of okra showed a negative non-significant correlation with maximum temperature, relative humidity morning and rainfall while minimum temperature and relative humidity evening had a negative significant correlation.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84857
Anand Singh Rawat, V. K. Tripathi
An experiment was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during two subsequent years i.e., 2022 and 2023 to assess the effect of NAA and ZnSO4 on cracking and chemical properties of litchi fruits. The study consisted of sixteen treatments, incorporating varying levels of NAA (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm), zinc sulphate (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%), and their combinations, which were administered in a Factorial-CRD design. The foliar application of treatments was done on January 28 and March 16 of both years i.e., in 2022 and 2023, before flowering and fruit setting at pea stage on 63-year-old plants of litchi cv. Rose Scented. The results of the study indicated that plants treated with the combination of NAA @ 50ppm and zinc sulphate @ 0.4% resulted in the significantly lowest number of cracked fruit (1.23 and 1.19) and fruit cracking percent (6.31 and 6.15 %) with significant improvement in chemical property parameters of fruits such as juice content (63.63 and 64.22%), TSS (18.09 and 18.380Brix), total sugars (15.96 and 16.30%), titratable acidity (1.32 and 1.28%), TSS: acid ratio (13.67 and 14.31), sugar: acid ratio (12.04 and 12.66), ascorbic acid (41.22 and 41.64 mg/100g pulp) and organoleptic test (83.36 and 82.82) throughout the investigation years in the plains of Northern India.
{"title":"Effect of NAA and ZnSO4 on Cracking and Chemical Properties of Litchi Fruits","authors":"Anand Singh Rawat, V. K. Tripathi","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84857","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during two subsequent years i.e., 2022 and 2023 to assess the effect of NAA and ZnSO4 on cracking and chemical properties of litchi fruits. The study consisted of sixteen treatments, incorporating varying levels of NAA (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm), zinc sulphate (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%), and their combinations, which were administered in a Factorial-CRD design. The foliar application of treatments was done on January 28 and March 16 of both years i.e., in 2022 and 2023, before flowering and fruit setting at pea stage on 63-year-old plants of litchi cv. Rose Scented. The results of the study indicated that plants treated with the combination of NAA @ 50ppm and zinc sulphate @ 0.4% resulted in the significantly lowest number of cracked fruit (1.23 and 1.19) and fruit cracking percent (6.31 and 6.15 %) with significant improvement in chemical property parameters of fruits such as juice content (63.63 and 64.22%), TSS (18.09 and 18.380Brix), total sugars (15.96 and 16.30%), titratable acidity (1.32 and 1.28%), TSS: acid ratio (13.67 and 14.31), sugar: acid ratio (12.04 and 12.66), ascorbic acid (41.22 and 41.64 mg/100g pulp) and organoleptic test (83.36 and 82.82) throughout the investigation years in the plains of Northern India.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84855
A. K. Rai, S. Panda, T.C. Panda, S. R. Dash, P.J. Mishra, A. Phonglosa, C. Patra
The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 in farmers’ fields across four adopted villages, involving 13 farmers. The results exhibited that the Brown Plant hopper (BPH) incidence was significantly lower in the rice variety Hasanta compared to the farmers' variety, Pratikshya. Notably, Hasanta recorded higher performance metrics in several key areas. The number of tillers per hill, panicle length, plant height, and test weight were all superior in Hasanta compared to Pratikshya in both years of the study. This indicates a consistent advantage in these agronomic traits. The average grain yield of Hasanta was also notably higher, achieving 43.83 q/ha in 2021 and 45.0 q/ha in 2022. In comparison, the farmers' variety, Pratikshya, yielded 39.25 q/ha in 2021 and 40.10 q/ha in 2022. This demonstrates Hasanta's superior yield performance under the given conditions. Overall, the study determined that the rice variety Hasanta showed consistent tolerance to BPH incidence and performed well under rain-fed conditions. Given its higher yield and resilience, Hasanta is a promising supernumerary over Pratikshya in the rain-fed semi-lowland rice ecosystem, offering substantial yield benefits and higher net returns (Rs. 38290/ha) for farmers.
{"title":"Impact of Hasanta Rice on Yield and Brown Plant Hopper Incidence in Rain-Fed Semi-lowland Ecosystems: A Farmer-centric Study","authors":"A. K. Rai, S. Panda, T.C. Panda, S. R. Dash, P.J. Mishra, A. Phonglosa, C. Patra","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84855","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 in farmers’ fields across four adopted villages, involving 13 farmers. The results exhibited that the Brown Plant hopper (BPH) incidence was significantly lower in the rice variety Hasanta compared to the farmers' variety, Pratikshya. Notably, Hasanta recorded higher performance metrics in several key areas. The number of tillers per hill, panicle length, plant height, and test weight were all superior in Hasanta compared to Pratikshya in both years of the study. This indicates a consistent advantage in these agronomic traits. The average grain yield of Hasanta was also notably higher, achieving 43.83 q/ha in 2021 and 45.0 q/ha in 2022. In comparison, the farmers' variety, Pratikshya, yielded 39.25 q/ha in 2021 and 40.10 q/ha in 2022. This demonstrates Hasanta's superior yield performance under the given conditions. Overall, the study determined that the rice variety Hasanta showed consistent tolerance to BPH incidence and performed well under rain-fed conditions. Given its higher yield and resilience, Hasanta is a promising supernumerary over Pratikshya in the rain-fed semi-lowland rice ecosystem, offering substantial yield benefits and higher net returns (Rs. 38290/ha) for farmers.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"54 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84854
Aheibam Lamjingba Meitei, Sandip Kumar Gautam
The present “Characterisation of soil properties of CRC-2 and CRC-3 at ITM University, under Gwalior region, M.P” was carried out during the year 2024 in the department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, school of agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior. I collect the soil by traversing representative areas of CRC-2 and CRC-3, the soil survey under the high intensity. For the CRC-2 the total soil is 36 and for the CRC-3 is 66 and the soil is collected surface (0-15cm) and sub-surface (15-30cm). The collected soil is preparing for the various analysed of soil physical parameters like bulk density, mechanical analysis, porosity, particle density, moisture content, osmotic pressure and total dissolved soil. The bulk density of surface for the CRC-2 is range from 1.32 to 1.38 mg m-3 and the sub-surface is 1.36 to 1.41 mg m-3 while for the CRC-3 surface value of bulk density is ranged from 1.32 to 1.39 mg m-3 and the sub-surface is ranged from 1.35 to 1.44 mg m-3. The mechanical analysis of surface for the CRC-2 is ranged from 59.7 to 61.0% and the sub-surface is ranged from 55.7 to 57.3%, for the CRC-3, it ranged from the 59.7 to 61.5% for surface and the sub-surface is ranged from 55.7 to 57.6%. The porosity of CRC-2, it ranged from 49.5 to 49.8% in surface and 50.0 to 50.7% in the sub-surface, where for the CRC-3 it ranged from 49.5 to 50.7% in the surface and 49.6 to 50.9% in the sub-surface. The silt% in the CRC2 is ranged from the 18.5 to 20.2% in surface and 16.7 to 18.5% in sub-surface while, CRC3 the silt% are ranged from18.53 to 20.30 % in surface and 16.6 to 19.4% in sub-surface The clay (%) of the CRC 2 are ranged from the 19.6 to 21.8% in surface and 21.4 to 23.4% in sub-surface while for the CRC 3 are ranged from the 19.6 to 21.8% in surface and sub-surface is 21.3 to 23.5%. Particle density for the CRC-2 ranged from 2.33 to 2.59 g cm-3 in the surface and 2.61 to 2.80 g cm-3 in sub-surface, for the CRC-3 it ranged from 2.30 to 2.58 g cm-3 in the surface and 2.59 to 2.90 g cm-3 in sub-surface. The moisture content of CRC-2 is ranged from 12.33 to 12.77% in the depth of 0-15cm and 12.85 to 13.23% in the depth 15-30cm. And the CRC-3 the value is ranged from 12.35 to 12.87% in the depth of 0-15cm and 12.86 to 13.35% in the depth of 15-30cm. The osmotic pressure for the CRC-2 is ranged from 0.175 to 0.183 N m-2 in the depth of 0-15cm and 0.182 to 0.187 N m-2 in the depth of 15-30cm where for the CRC-3 it ranged from 0.174 to 0.184 N m-2 in the depth of 0-15cm and 0.182 to 0.190 N m-2 in the depth of 15-30cm. Total dissolved soil for the CRC-2 ranged from 493.0 to 497.1% in the depth of 0-15cm and 497.7 to 503.9% in the depth of 15-30cm and for the CRC-3 it ranged from 494.1 to 498.8% in the depth of 0-15cm and 497.2 to 503.5% in the depth of 15-30cm.
{"title":"Characterisation of Soil Properties of CRC-2 and CRC-3 at ITM University, under Gwalior Region, M.P, India","authors":"Aheibam Lamjingba Meitei, Sandip Kumar Gautam","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84854","url":null,"abstract":"The present “Characterisation of soil properties of CRC-2 and CRC-3 at ITM University, under Gwalior region, M.P” was carried out during the year 2024 in the department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, school of agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior. I collect the soil by traversing representative areas of CRC-2 and CRC-3, the soil survey under the high intensity. For the CRC-2 the total soil is 36 and for the CRC-3 is 66 and the soil is collected surface (0-15cm) and sub-surface (15-30cm). The collected soil is preparing for the various analysed of soil physical parameters like bulk density, mechanical analysis, porosity, particle density, moisture content, osmotic pressure and total dissolved soil. The bulk density of surface for the CRC-2 is range from 1.32 to 1.38 mg m-3 and the sub-surface is 1.36 to 1.41 mg m-3 while for the CRC-3 surface value of bulk density is ranged from 1.32 to 1.39 mg m-3 and the sub-surface is ranged from 1.35 to 1.44 mg m-3. The mechanical analysis of surface for the CRC-2 is ranged from 59.7 to 61.0% and the sub-surface is ranged from 55.7 to 57.3%, for the CRC-3, it ranged from the 59.7 to 61.5% for surface and the sub-surface is ranged from 55.7 to 57.6%. The porosity of CRC-2, it ranged from 49.5 to 49.8% in surface and 50.0 to 50.7% in the sub-surface, where for the CRC-3 it ranged from 49.5 to 50.7% in the surface and 49.6 to 50.9% in the sub-surface. The silt% in the CRC2 is ranged from the 18.5 to 20.2% in surface and 16.7 to 18.5% in sub-surface while, CRC3 the silt% are ranged from18.53 to 20.30 % in surface and 16.6 to 19.4% in sub-surface The clay (%) of the CRC 2 are ranged from the 19.6 to 21.8% in surface and 21.4 to 23.4% in sub-surface while for the CRC 3 are ranged from the 19.6 to 21.8% in surface and sub-surface is 21.3 to 23.5%. Particle density for the CRC-2 ranged from 2.33 to 2.59 g cm-3 in the surface and 2.61 to 2.80 g cm-3 in sub-surface, for the CRC-3 it ranged from 2.30 to 2.58 g cm-3 in the surface and 2.59 to 2.90 g cm-3 in sub-surface. The moisture content of CRC-2 is ranged from 12.33 to 12.77% in the depth of 0-15cm and 12.85 to 13.23% in the depth 15-30cm. And the CRC-3 the value is ranged from 12.35 to 12.87% in the depth of 0-15cm and 12.86 to 13.35% in the depth of 15-30cm. The osmotic pressure for the CRC-2 is ranged from 0.175 to 0.183 N m-2 in the depth of 0-15cm and 0.182 to 0.187 N m-2 in the depth of 15-30cm where for the CRC-3 it ranged from 0.174 to 0.184 N m-2 in the depth of 0-15cm and 0.182 to 0.190 N m-2 in the depth of 15-30cm. Total dissolved soil for the CRC-2 ranged from 493.0 to 497.1% in the depth of 0-15cm and 497.7 to 503.9% in the depth of 15-30cm and for the CRC-3 it ranged from 494.1 to 498.8% in the depth of 0-15cm and 497.2 to 503.5% in the depth of 15-30cm.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted in a poly house setup using germination trays to investigate the effects of salt stress on the seedling growth and germination of 42 genotypes of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum). This research, utilizing a Completely Randomized Design with three replications, was conducted at the Research Farm of RVSKVV in Gwalior. To ensure uniformity and manage variability, a consistent mixture containing equal parts of compost, vermiculite, and cocopeat in a 1:1:1 ratio was used. Salt stress levels were applied using NaCl solutions of concentrations 50 mM, 100 mM, 250 mM, and 500 mM. Increased emergence time and a lower final germination percentage were recorded at a 50 mM salt concentration compared to the control (0 mM). However, at higher concentrations, the effects were more severe, resulting in complete lethality with no recorded germination. At a 50 mM concentration, compared to the control, there was a decrease in shoot length, root length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, vigour index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentration. Concurrently, an increase in proline concentration in the leaves was noted. The salt tolerance index and chlorophyll index was calculated to categorize genotypes based on their relative tolerance to salt-induced stress.
研究人员利用发芽托盘在多室装置中进行了一项实验，以调查盐胁迫对 42 个 Kodo Millet（Paspalum scrobiculatum）基因型的幼苗生长和发芽的影响。这项研究采用完全随机设计法，三次重复，在瓜里奥尔的 RVSKVV 研究农场进行。为确保均匀性并控制变异性，使用了一种含有等量堆肥、蛭石和椰糠的混合物，比例为 1:1:1。使用浓度分别为 50 毫摩尔、100 毫摩尔、250 毫摩尔和 500 毫摩尔的氯化钠溶液施加盐胁迫水平。与对照组（0 mM）相比，盐浓度为 50 mM 时，出苗时间延长，最终发芽率降低。然而，浓度越高，影响越严重，导致完全死亡，没有发芽记录。与对照组相比，在 50 毫摩尔浓度下，芽长、根长、苗长、芽鲜重、根鲜重、总鲜重、总干重、活力指数、叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b 和总叶绿素浓度都有所下降。同时，叶片中的脯氨酸浓度也有所增加。通过计算耐盐指数和叶绿素指数，可根据基因型对盐胁迫的相对耐受性对其进行分类。
{"title":"Assessment of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) Genotypes for Salt Stress Tolerance at the Seedling Stage Using Germination Tray","authors":"Garima Mishra, Sushma Tiwari, Shruti Paliwal, Sanjeev Sharma","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84856","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in a poly house setup using germination trays to investigate the effects of salt stress on the seedling growth and germination of 42 genotypes of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum). This research, utilizing a Completely Randomized Design with three replications, was conducted at the Research Farm of RVSKVV in Gwalior. To ensure uniformity and manage variability, a consistent mixture containing equal parts of compost, vermiculite, and cocopeat in a 1:1:1 ratio was used. Salt stress levels were applied using NaCl solutions of concentrations 50 mM, 100 mM, 250 mM, and 500 mM. Increased emergence time and a lower final germination percentage were recorded at a 50 mM salt concentration compared to the control (0 mM). However, at higher concentrations, the effects were more severe, resulting in complete lethality with no recorded germination. At a 50 mM concentration, compared to the control, there was a decrease in shoot length, root length, seedling length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, vigour index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentration. Concurrently, an increase in proline concentration in the leaves was noted. The salt tolerance index and chlorophyll index was calculated to categorize genotypes based on their relative tolerance to salt-induced stress.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"40 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84853
Meera Nair V., Radhika N. S., Joy Michal Johnson, Sajeesh P. K., S. P., Binitha N. K., B. Abinaya
Chilli leaf curl virus disease caused by Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is considered as the most damage-causing for chilli crop, resulting in a cent per cent yield loss when affected at the early crop stage. Piriformospora indica (synonym Serendipita indica), a root endophytic fungus, enhances plant resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study analyses the effect of P. indica against ChiLCV as a pot culture study under green net house conditions using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) layout in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad from August 2022 to January 2023. Chilli seeds colonized in P. indica-enriched potting mixtures exhibited earlier germination than non-colonized seeds. ChiLCV was introduced to chilli plants pre and post-colonized with P. indica and observed for disease incidence. Chlamyodspores of P. indica were observed in the root cortical region five days after co-cultivation (DAC). In the two pot culture experiments conducted, plants pre-colonized with P. indica followed by graft transmission of the virus after 15 days expressed a low vulnerability index (V.I. - 25) against non-colonized, grafted plants (V.I. – 64). Colonization of P. indica (2 days) after graft transmission of the virus recorded a V.I. (36), while non-colonized grafted plants recorded a V.I. of 65. The endophyte colonized plants exhibited elevated ROS scavenging enzyme activity (Catalase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Phosphatase) compared to non-colonized ones which was confirmed by enzyme activity analyses and ROS staining techniques. Endophyte colonized chilli plants had exhibited more resilience towards ChiLCV thereby proving that it could be exploited in future towards cultivating disease resistant plants. This study underscores the role of P. indica in managing chilli leaf curl disease by boosting ROS-scavenging enzyme production, offering a promising avenue for disease mitigation.
{"title":"Role of Antioxidants in the Management of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus in Chilli Using Beneficial Fungal Root Endophyte Piriformospora indica","authors":"Meera Nair V., Radhika N. S., Joy Michal Johnson, Sajeesh P. K., S. P., Binitha N. K., B. Abinaya","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84853","url":null,"abstract":"Chilli leaf curl virus disease caused by Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is considered as the most damage-causing for chilli crop, resulting in a cent per cent yield loss when affected at the early crop stage. Piriformospora indica (synonym Serendipita indica), a root endophytic fungus, enhances plant resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study analyses the effect of P. indica against ChiLCV as a pot culture study under green net house conditions using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) layout in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Padannakkad from August 2022 to January 2023. Chilli seeds colonized in P. indica-enriched potting mixtures exhibited earlier germination than non-colonized seeds. ChiLCV was introduced to chilli plants pre and post-colonized with P. indica and observed for disease incidence. Chlamyodspores of P. indica were observed in the root cortical region five days after co-cultivation (DAC). In the two pot culture experiments conducted, plants pre-colonized with P. indica followed by graft transmission of the virus after 15 days expressed a low vulnerability index (V.I. - 25) against non-colonized, grafted plants (V.I. – 64). Colonization of P. indica (2 days) after graft transmission of the virus recorded a V.I. (36), while non-colonized grafted plants recorded a V.I. of 65. The endophyte colonized plants exhibited elevated ROS scavenging enzyme activity (Catalase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Phosphatase) compared to non-colonized ones which was confirmed by enzyme activity analyses and ROS staining techniques. Endophyte colonized chilli plants had exhibited more resilience towards ChiLCV thereby proving that it could be exploited in future towards cultivating disease resistant plants. This study underscores the role of P. indica in managing chilli leaf curl disease by boosting ROS-scavenging enzyme production, offering a promising avenue for disease mitigation.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"26 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84852
Laiphrakpam Arunkumar, S. K. Gautam, Vipin Kumar, Pradeep Rajpoot, Aheibam Lamjingba, Laishram Samprass
A field experiment was carried out during the year 2024 in the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, ITM, Gwalior. Surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) soil sample were collected by systematic survey with location data using global position system from CRC-1 farm, ITM, Gwalior District, Madhya Pradesh. A total numb of collected soil sample was 120 sample. pH was varied between 7.21 to 8.69 at 0–15 cm depth and 7.18 to 8.57 at 15–30 cm depth. The pH is slightly alkaline. The Electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 0.23 to 0.52 dsm-1 at 0 -15 cm depth and 0.31 to 0.59 dsm-1 at 15 -30 cm depth emphasizing that the fact that the soil is safe limit of EC. Organic carbon was varied between 0.31 to 0.39% in 15–30 cm depth and 0.35 to 0.42% in 0–15 cm depth. The OC status is low to medium. Nitrogen (N) was ranged between 134.5 to 139.9 kg ha-1 at a depth of 0–15 cm and 132.4 to 135.5 kg ha-1 at a depth of 15–30 cm. Phosphorus(P) ranging from 8.42 to 12.20 cm at 0–15 cm depth and 6.28 to 10.68 cm at 15–30 cm depth. Potassium (K)ranging from 8.42 to 12.20 kg ha -1 at 0–15 cm depth and 6.28 to 10.68 kg ha -1at 15–30 cm depth. Sulphur(S) was ranged between 15.36 to 20.54 kg ha-1 at a depth of surfaced and 13.64 to 18.74 kg ha -1 at a depth of sub surfaced.
{"title":"High Density Soil Survey of CRC -1 by the Use of Laboratory Methods","authors":"Laiphrakpam Arunkumar, S. K. Gautam, Vipin Kumar, Pradeep Rajpoot, Aheibam Lamjingba, Laishram Samprass","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84852","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during the year 2024 in the Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, ITM, Gwalior. Surface (0-15 cm) and sub surface (15-30 cm) soil sample were collected by systematic survey with location data using global position system from CRC-1 farm, ITM, Gwalior District, Madhya Pradesh. A total numb of collected soil sample was 120 sample. pH was varied between 7.21 to 8.69 at 0–15 cm depth and 7.18 to 8.57 at 15–30 cm depth. The pH is slightly alkaline. The Electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 0.23 to 0.52 dsm-1 at 0 -15 cm depth and 0.31 to 0.59 dsm-1 at 15 -30 cm depth emphasizing that the fact that the soil is safe limit of EC. Organic carbon was varied between 0.31 to 0.39% in 15–30 cm depth and 0.35 to 0.42% in 0–15 cm depth. The OC status is low to medium. Nitrogen (N) was ranged between 134.5 to 139.9 kg ha-1 at a depth of 0–15 cm and 132.4 to 135.5 kg ha-1 at a depth of 15–30 cm. Phosphorus(P) ranging from 8.42 to 12.20 cm at 0–15 cm depth and 6.28 to 10.68 cm at 15–30 cm depth. Potassium (K)ranging from 8.42 to 12.20 kg ha -1 at 0–15 cm depth and 6.28 to 10.68 kg ha -1at 15–30 cm depth. Sulphur(S) was ranged between 15.36 to 20.54 kg ha-1 at a depth of surfaced and 13.64 to 18.74 kg ha -1 at a depth of sub surfaced.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84850
K. Pant, Deepak Pandey, Rajendra Prasad Yadav, N. Gautam, Anjal Nainabasti, D. Thapa, S. R. Upadhyay
Breeding for nutrient-rich high yielding wheat varieties is one of the most economical and feasible ways to improve micronutrient deficiency ad hoc building better consumer health among the rural people of South Asia. To identify the Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) enriched high yielding wheat genotypes, 7th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (7th HPYT) and 8th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (8th HPYT) both composed of 50 genotypes (including two CIMMYT checks " Kachu#1" and "Baj#1" and one Local Check "Gautam") were evaluated in alpha lattice design with 2 replications under timely sown irrigated condition at NWRP, Bhairahawa during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The grain Zn concentration and Fe concentration varies among genotypes from 23.8 to 42.4 ppm and 20.6 to 60.6 ppm, respectively. The highly significant positive correlation was found between grain zinc and iron concentration (r = 0.74** in 7th HPYT and r=0.67** in 8th HPYT). This highly positive significant relation between grain Zn and grain Fe indicates that it is feasible to simultaneously improve both micronutrients. In addition, this study reveals that thousand grains weight (TGW) has shown highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.3) with grain zinc and (r=0.4) with grain iron in 7th HPYT to non-significant negative correlation (r = -0.1) with grain zinc and (r=-0.1) with grain iron in 8th HPYT. As Nepali farmers major trait of interest second to grain yield is TGW, this showed that Zn and Fe enriched wheat varieties with higher TGW (bold grain) is feasible. The 9 genotypes in 7th HPYT and 48 genotypes in 8th HPYT showed higher grain yield than local check variety "GAUTAM" which indicates that bio-fortified genotypes are capable of producing higher grain yield with added micronutrient supplements in them. This study recommended 17 genotypes from the 7th HPYT and 38 genotypes from the 8thHPYT based on higher grain yield, grain Zn and Fe concentration and these lines were included in national yield trial for further evaluation in different agro-ecological domain of Nepal. The genotypes with higher grain Zn and Fe concentration viz., 7HPYT409, 7HPYT410, 8HPYT417, 8HPYT404 and 7HPYT442 could be used as donor parents in national wheat breeding program and high yielding genotypes 7HPYT448, 7HPYT418, 7HPYT426, 7HPYT413, 8HPYT415, 8HPYT431, 8HPYT429, 8HPYT407 and 8HPYT405 would be further evaluated throughout the Terai region of Nepal, and outstanding genotype could be recommended as variety for Terai/plains of Nepal.
{"title":"Performance of Biofortified Spring Wheat Genotypes for Grain Zinc and Iron Concentrations, Grain Yield and Associated Traits in Terai/plains of Nepal","authors":"K. Pant, Deepak Pandey, Rajendra Prasad Yadav, N. Gautam, Anjal Nainabasti, D. Thapa, S. R. Upadhyay","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84850","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding for nutrient-rich high yielding wheat varieties is one of the most economical and feasible ways to improve micronutrient deficiency ad hoc building better consumer health among the rural people of South Asia. To identify the Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) enriched high yielding wheat genotypes, 7th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (7th HPYT) and 8th Harvest Plus Yield Trial (8th HPYT) both composed of 50 genotypes (including two CIMMYT checks \" Kachu#1\" and \"Baj#1\" and one Local Check \"Gautam\") were evaluated in alpha lattice design with 2 replications under timely sown irrigated condition at NWRP, Bhairahawa during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The grain Zn concentration and Fe concentration varies among genotypes from 23.8 to 42.4 ppm and 20.6 to 60.6 ppm, respectively. The highly significant positive correlation was found between grain zinc and iron concentration (r = 0.74** in 7th HPYT and r=0.67** in 8th HPYT). This highly positive significant relation between grain Zn and grain Fe indicates that it is feasible to simultaneously improve both micronutrients. In addition, this study reveals that thousand grains weight (TGW) has shown highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.3) with grain zinc and (r=0.4) with grain iron in 7th HPYT to non-significant negative correlation (r = -0.1) with grain zinc and (r=-0.1) with grain iron in 8th HPYT. As Nepali farmers major trait of interest second to grain yield is TGW, this showed that Zn and Fe enriched wheat varieties with higher TGW (bold grain) is feasible. The 9 genotypes in 7th HPYT and 48 genotypes in 8th HPYT showed higher grain yield than local check variety \"GAUTAM\" which indicates that bio-fortified genotypes are capable of producing higher grain yield with added micronutrient supplements in them. This study recommended 17 genotypes from the 7th HPYT and 38 genotypes from the 8thHPYT based on higher grain yield, grain Zn and Fe concentration and these lines were included in national yield trial for further evaluation in different agro-ecological domain of Nepal. The genotypes with higher grain Zn and Fe concentration viz., 7HPYT409, 7HPYT410, 8HPYT417, 8HPYT404 and 7HPYT442 could be used as donor parents in national wheat breeding program and high yielding genotypes 7HPYT448, 7HPYT418, 7HPYT426, 7HPYT413, 8HPYT415, 8HPYT431, 8HPYT429, 8HPYT407 and 8HPYT405 would be further evaluated throughout the Terai region of Nepal, and outstanding genotype could be recommended as variety for Terai/plains of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84851
Anuradha Kaggod, S. Prasad, T. M. Ramanappa, M. Thimmegowda, Parashivamurty, Mudalagiriyappa
A field experiment was conducted in red sandy clay loam soil at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif to know the influence of foliar nutrition and nipping on crop growth, seed yield and quality in pigeonpea. The experiment replicated six times in split plot design with treatments of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer (WSF)with three different concentration F0 (100% RDF), F1 (75% RDF + 25% WSF (19: 19:19), F2 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) in combination with nipping (N1) and no nipping (N0). The results revealed that seed quality parameters viz.,germination (85.75 %) mean seedling length (48.28 cm), mean seedling dry weight (47.33 mg), seedling vigour index-I (4137), seedling vigour index -II (4112), lower electrical conductivity (1.07 mS ppt-1), total dehydrogenase activity (3.30 A480nm) and total soluble protein (23.19%) recorded higher in F2N1 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) + nipping) over control (81.42%, 44.59 cm, 41.67 mg seedling-1, 3724, 3346, 1.44 mS ppt-1, 2.22 A480nm, 20.22 %,) respectively.
{"title":"Optimization of Foliar Nutrition and Nipping for Quality of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L). Millsp.]","authors":"Anuradha Kaggod, S. Prasad, T. M. Ramanappa, M. Thimmegowda, Parashivamurty, Mudalagiriyappa","doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84851","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in red sandy clay loam soil at UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif to know the influence of foliar nutrition and nipping on crop growth, seed yield and quality in pigeonpea. The experiment replicated six times in split plot design with treatments of foliar spray of water soluble fertilizer (WSF)with three different concentration F0 (100% RDF), F1 (75% RDF + 25% WSF (19: 19:19), F2 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) in combination with nipping (N1) and no nipping (N0). The results revealed that seed quality parameters viz.,germination (85.75 %) mean seedling length (48.28 cm), mean seedling dry weight (47.33 mg), seedling vigour index-I (4137), seedling vigour index -II (4112), lower electrical conductivity (1.07 mS ppt-1), total dehydrogenase activity (3.30 A480nm) and total soluble protein (23.19%) recorded higher in F2N1 (75% RDF + 12.5% WSF (19: 19:19) + nipping) over control (81.42%, 44.59 cm, 41.67 mg seedling-1, 3724, 3346, 1.44 mS ppt-1, 2.22 A480nm, 20.22 %,) respectively.","PeriodicalId":14186,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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