Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination and Quality of Locally Produced Crude Palm Oil in South-South Zone, Nigeria

Onyegeme-Okerenta M. Blessing, Isiodu C. Vera, Essien B. Eka
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Abstract

Background: Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq is a perennial crop mainly cultivated for its vegetable oil. The fatty acid composition of crude palm oil (CPO) is mostly composed of palmitic, stearic oleic, and linoleic acids. Objectives: This study evaluated the quality of locally produced CPO from six states of South-South zone, Nigeria. Methods: The parameters of CPOs were characterized by specific gravity (SG), acid value (AV), percentage of free fatty acid (%FFA), and saponification value (SV) and peroxide value (PV). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CPO were quantified using standard procedures, the related risk due to daily consumption of 25 g was characterized by lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and margin of exposure (MOE). Results: The study observed that the mean values of the parameters were 0.931 SG; 5.01 mgKOH g-1 AV; 2.28% FFA; 177.27 mgKOH g-1 SV and 29.65 meqO2 kg-1 PV. Apart from %FFA, the others did not meet the requirements recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of the joint WHO/FAO. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic origins. The MOEs showed low health concern while 16PAH-LCR values which ranged from 2.48E-04 - 4.48E-04 were unacceptable. The screening value 0.003 was significantly (p> 0.05) lower than the computed total BaP equivalent (BaPeq) values indicating potential human health concerns. It is recommended that CPO processing and storage methods should be properly monitored to prevent quality reduction and contamination, which might have adverse effect on consumers.
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尼日利亚南部地区当地生产的棕榈油原油的多环芳烃污染和质量
背景:油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq)是一种多年生作物,主要用于生产植物油。毛棕榈油(CPO)的脂肪酸组成主要是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸:本研究评估了尼日利亚南部六个州当地生产的 CPO 的质量:方法:通过比重(SG)、酸值(AV)、游离脂肪酸百分比(%FFA)、皂化值(SV)和过氧化值(PV)对氯化石蜡的参数进行表征。采用标准程序对氯化石蜡中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了量化,并以终生癌症风险(LCR)和暴露限值(MOE)来表征每天食用 25 克氯化石蜡的相关风险:研究发现,这些参数的平均值为:0.931 SG;5.01 mgKOH g-1 AV;2.28% FFA;177.27 mgKOH g-1 SV 和 29.65 meqO2 kg-1 PV。除 FFA 百分比外,其他指标均未达到世界卫生组织/粮农组织联合食品法典委员会建议的要求。多环芳烃的诊断比率表明,石油来源和热源来源混合在一起。暴露限值对健康的影响较小,而 16PAH-LCR 值介于 2.48E-04 - 4.48E-04 之间,令人无法接受。筛选值 0.003 明显(p> 0.05)低于计算得出的总 BaP 当量 (BaPeq),表明可能存在人类健康问题。建议适当监测氯化石蜡的加工和储存方法,以防止质量下降和污染,从而对消费者造成不利影响。
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