Evaluation of in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities of leaves, stem bark and root bark extracts of Acacia nilotica (L) Willd ex Del., Guiera senegalensis j. F. Gmel and Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst ex A. rich

U.O. Adamu, A. Mann, J.O. Tijani, Y.A. Kabir
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Abstract

Currently, the control and treatment of African trypanosomiasis are limited by the number of chemotherapeutic drugs with associated side effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a non-toxic herbal treatment for African trypanosomiasis. Leaf, stem, and root bark extracts of Acacia nilotica L. and Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel and Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst ex A. Rich were sequentially extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as solvents and evaluated for in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities against Trypanosoma brucei, and phytochemical contents. Results revealed that out of the 36 extracts, Methanol leaf extracts of G. senegalensis, aqueous leaf extract of G. senegalensis, methanol leaf extract of A. nilotica and methanol leaf extract of Z. abyssinica leaf extract (MIC 3.93±2.88, 10.98±3.21, 16.91±3.21 and 18.88±3.44 μg/ml respectively), gave the best in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity against T. b. brucei compare to the control. The quantitative phytochemical analysis of the 4 most trypanocidal plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpene, quinines, saponins and tannins, with alkaloids and flavonoids having the highest concentrations (4.3.13±0.05 mg/100 g and 4.5±0.02 mg/100 g respectively) in the methanol leaf extract of G. senegalensis and quinone with the lowest concentration (0.1±0.07 mg/100 g).The methanol leaf extracts of G. senegalensis were found to have the most in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities (MIC of 3.93±2.88 ug/ml), possibly due to the high content of alkaloids and flavonoids. The results of this study revealed the potential of G. senegalensis for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Consequently, further studies are needed with this plant to evaluate its in vivo anti-trypanosomal potential, the structures of the bioactive compounds responsible for its activity, and its other medicinal properties.
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金合欢(L)Willd ex Del.、Guiera senegalensis j. F. Gmel 和 Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst ex A. rich 的叶、茎皮和根皮提取物的体外抗锥虫活性评估
目前,非洲锥虫病的控制和治疗受到化疗药物数量和相关副作用的限制。因此,迫切需要一种无毒的草药来治疗非洲锥虫病。非洲锥虫病的无毒草药治疗方法迫在眉睫。以正己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和水为溶剂,依次萃取了这些植物的树皮提取物,并对其体外抗布氏锥虫活性和植物化学成分进行了评估。结果表明,在 36 种提取物中,G. senegalensis 的甲醇叶提取物、G. senegalensis 的水溶液叶提取物、A. nilotica 的甲醇叶提取物和 Z. abyssinica 的甲醇叶提取物(甲醇叶提取物、水溶液叶提取物、A. nilotica 的甲醇叶提取物和 Z. abyssinica 的甲醇叶提取物abyssinica叶提取物(MIC分别为3.93±2.88、10.98±3.21、16.91±3.21和18.88±3.44 μg/ml)对布氏锥虫的体外抗锥虫活性优于对照组。对 4 种最具锥虫杀灭力的植物提取物进行的植物化学定量分析显示,在 G.enegalensis 的甲醇叶提取物中存在生物碱、黄酮类、萜类、奎宁类、皂苷和单宁酸,其中生物碱和黄酮类的浓度最高(分别为 4.3.13±0.05 mg/100 g 和 4.5±0.02 mg/100 g),奎宁类的浓度最低(分别为 18.88±3.44 μ/ml 和 18.88±3.44 μ/ml )。研究发现,G. senegalensis 的甲醇叶提取物具有最强的体外抗锥虫活性(MIC 为 3.93±2.88 ug/ml),这可能是由于其生物碱和黄酮含量较高。这项研究的结果揭示了塞内加尔黑木耳(G. senegalensis)治疗非洲锥虫病的潜力。因此,还需要对这种植物进行进一步研究,以评估其体内抗锥虫病的潜力、导致其活性的生物活性化合物的结构及其他药用特性。
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