Mechanics manipulation in large-area organic solar modules achieving over 16.5 % efficiency

IF 5.4 1区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI:10.1016/j.giant.2024.100286
Hao Gu , Juan Zhu , Haiyang Chen , Guang Zeng , Xining Chen , Xiaohua Tang , Jinfeng Xia , Tianjiao Zhang , Ben Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Junyuan Ding , Yaowen Li , Yongfang Li
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Abstract

High-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) are typically produced through spin-coating, restricting their application to small areas. Blade-coating, however, emerging as a promising method for large-scale production, yet faces challenges in film morphology optimization, which often leads to reduced power conversion efficiency (PCE). This study delves into the influence of both liquid and solid additives on the morphology of active layer in blade-coated OSCs, comparing them with spin-coated counterparts, using the high-efficiency PM6:D18:BTP-eC9 active layer. For the first time, we discovered the distinct impacts of solid versus liquid additives on the film uniformity, phase separation and crystalline regulation in blade-coating technique. Our findings reveal that liquid additives in blade-coating trigger outward Marangoni flow, causing undesirable material aggregation and phase separation, thereby impairing device performances. Conversely, switching to solid additives, like 1,4-Diiodobenzene (DIB), prevents these detrimental changes in fluid mechanics and preserves the desired additive effects. We demonstrate that solid additives can significantly change these inferior behaviors introduced by liquid additives in blade-coating, regulate phase separation, enhance π-π accumulation and delay crystallization, and ultimately boost OSC efficiency. Using DIB solid additive, we achieved a PCE of 18.81 % in blade-coated devices. Scaling up by 252 times, the PCE of large-area OSC module (15.64 cm²) sustained at 16.70 % (certified 16.66 %), ranking among the highest efficiency for OSC modules reported so far. These modules also exhibited exceptional storage stability, retaining 98 % efficiency after 5880 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. This research also provides a comprehensive understanding from various film characterizations and the perspective of fluid mechanics normally lack in the research. This research not only establishes a new framework for high-performance and large-area OSC modules but also extends its findings to other OSC systems with different additives, demonstrating a roll-to-roll compatible technique.

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大面积有机太阳能电池组件中的机械操纵,实现超过 16.5% 的效率
高效有机太阳能电池(OSCs)通常是通过旋涂法生产的,这限制了其在小面积领域的应用。然而,刀片涂层作为一种有前景的大规模生产方法,在薄膜形态优化方面面临挑战,这往往会导致功率转换效率(PCE)降低。本研究利用高效 PM6:D18:BTP-eC9 活性层,深入研究了液体和固体添加剂对叶片涂层 OSC 活性层形态的影响,并与旋涂 OSC 进行了比较。我们首次发现了固态添加剂和液态添加剂对刀片涂层技术中薄膜的均匀性、相分离和结晶调节的不同影响。我们的研究结果表明,刀片涂层中的液体添加剂会引发向外的马兰戈尼流,造成不良的材料聚集和相分离,从而影响器件性能。相反,改用固体添加剂(如 1,4-二碘苯 (DIB))则可防止流体力学发生这些有害变化,并保持所需的添加剂效果。我们证明,固体添加剂可以显著改变液体添加剂在叶片涂层中带来的这些不良行为,调节相分离,增强 π-π 积累和延迟结晶,并最终提高 OSC 效率。利用 DIB 固体添加剂,我们在叶片涂层器件中实现了 18.81 % 的 PCE。放大 252 倍后,大面积 OSC 模块(15.64 平方厘米)的 PCE 维持在 16.70 %(认证值为 16.66 %),是迄今为止报道的效率最高的 OSC 模块之一。这些模块还表现出卓越的储存稳定性,在氮气环境中储存 5880 小时后仍能保持 98% 的效率。这项研究还从各种薄膜特性和研究中通常缺乏的流体力学角度提供了一个全面的认识。这项研究不仅为高性能和大面积 OSC 模块建立了一个新的框架,而且还将其研究成果扩展到了使用不同添加剂的其他 OSC 系统,展示了一种卷对卷兼容技术。
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来源期刊
GIANT
GIANT Multiple-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
8.60%
发文量
46
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Giant is an interdisciplinary title focusing on fundamental and applied macromolecular science spanning all chemistry, physics, biology, and materials aspects of the field in the broadest sense. Key areas covered include macromolecular chemistry, supramolecular assembly, multiscale and multifunctional materials, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, biophysics, biomimetics and surface science. Core topics range from developments in synthesis, characterisation and assembly towards creating uniformly sized precision macromolecules with tailored properties, to the design and assembly of nanostructured materials in multiple dimensions, and further to the study of smart or living designer materials with tuneable multiscale properties.
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