Plasmonic biosensors: Towards fully operative detection platforms for biomedical application and its potential for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases

Abstract

In-vitro diagnostics (IVD) has become an in-demand area with a high-achievement transformation due to the expansion of new technologies. Technology has grown from time-consuming laboratory techniques to modern automated immunoassays and progressed with real-time sensing through the emergence of biosensor devices. Plasmonic biosensors are one of the most employed optical biosensors and stand out for their versatility and wide range of applications in diagnostic tests. One of the clinical diagnostics areas of growing interest is autoimmune diseases (AD), which have been increasingly prevalent worldwide. There is a rising demand for reliable and early AD diagnosis tools. This review highlights the main challenges for early AD diagnostics and the advanced plasmonic biosensors that have been exploited for AD biomarker detection, including brief descriptions of their analytical performance. Finally, the prospects and trends in this area are outlined, thinking about developing multiplexed platforms capable of addressing the multianalyte nature of one disease.