Trends in Analytical Chemistry最新文献

Metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) represent a significant advancement in the separation and pre-concentration process. MONs are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibiting extra large surface area, tunable porosity, and diverse functionality making them ideal candidate for a wide range of applications in separation sciences. MONs play a crucial role in the development of several technologies that tackle the climate emergency, such as CO₂ collection, hydrogen generation, purification of contaminated water, and separation and pre-concentration processes, outperforming traditional materials. Their extraordinary capability to capture and pre-concentrate targeted analytes from complex matrices has paved the way for highly efficient and sensitive analytical methods. This review focuses on recent development in MON-based materials and emphasizing their role in improving separation processes.

This review covers the overview of MONs and highlighting their applications in the separation and pre-concentration process of organic and inorganic analytes. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions in the practical implementation of the MONs are addressed. By describing a comprehensive overview of the current scenario of MON's research. This review highlights the impact of MONs on separation and pre-concentration methods, setting the stage for future innovations in analytical chemistry.

Covalent inhibitors, forming reversible or irreversible covalent bonds with nucleophilic groups in target protein active sites, effectively inhibit protein function for therapeutic purposes. They can also be used for target validation, biomarker identification, and as chemical probes. Boasting high bioefficiency, low drug resistance, and minimal off-target effects, covalent inhibitors possess significant application potential within the small molecule drug market. Their discovery usually involves rational drug design. Understanding screening and identification tools for covalent inhibitors aids in selecting suitable and efficient development methods. This review encompasses screening platforms, target-ligand covalent binding, and selective analysis tools used in covalent inhibitor development. It focuses on discovery strategies such as computer-aided drug design, library screening, and classic techniques for binding determination and selectivity. Examples highlight the advantages and limitations of screening platforms, offering insights for covalent inhibitor discovery and advancing drug development.

Environmental protection has always been a hot topic, and the irresponsible use of organophosphorus pesticides has caused severe damage to the environment. The advantages of immunoassays for the detection of pesticides has allowed more researchers to develop and improve methods, in particular the performance of the assay, with few researchers considering the environmental impact of the method. The 12 principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) represent a guide for the development of environmentally friendly analytical methods. Eco-Scale and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) are assessment metrics based on GAC, where GAPI is used to assess the green characteristics of the entire analytical method from sample collection to final determination, and the difference in color gives an evaluation of the environmental impact involved in each step. In this paper, we modified GAPI to make it more suitable for the assessment of immunoassays, and combined it with Eco-Scale penalty rules to give scores for the sample preparation and assay steps, and finally to obtain the assessment results intuitively for the method so that researchers and users can choose. We used this tool for the immunoassay evaluation of chlorpyrifos in vegetables, and the method showed good reliability and consistency with scoring.

Exploiting sorbents with predictable structure, specific recognition, and broad applications is a vivid strategy in analytical approaches. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)-based sample preparation techniques show promise in meeting the requirements of an ideal sample preparation method. However, concerns persist regarding the throughput and real-world applications of traditional MIPs-based sample preparation due to inherent defects. Integrating MIPs with functional materials not only presents viable solutions to these challenges but also expands composite practical applications. In this review, we examine the advancements in synthesis strategies and applications of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites in various sample pretreatment techniques. The less-considered aspects of recognition characteristics of MIPs are surveyed. The attributes of MOFs and COFs as sorbents are discussed. Recent progress in the design and preparation of MOFs- and COFs-based MIPs composites is summarized, by highlighting their practical applications. Future perspectives and challenges to facilitate the development of corresponding analytical methods are outlined.

The challenge to determine low concentration levels of fluoroquinolones in food products is very important. Sample pretreatment techniques play an outstanding role in the analysis of food samples. Addressing this necessity, two major groups of treatment methods – liquid-liquid and solid-phase microextraction – have garnered significant attention in recent years. This review covers articles based on the development and application of sample pretreatment techniques for the determination of fluoroquinolones in food matrices by various hyphenated techniques, published between 2015 and 2024. In addition, green materials for liquid-liquid and solid-phase microextraction and recent trends and future strategies in the determination of fluoroquinolones in food samples are discussed.

Biodegradable plastics (BPs) have been widely advocated as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived polymers, aiming to mitigate the burgeoning crisis of microplastic pollution. However, incomplete biodegradation of BPs can generate more and smaller particles, such as microplastics, which may persist in environments. Knowledge of the fate and effects of BPs, especially biodegradable microplastics, in the aquatic environment remains limited. We investigate the concentrations, detection methods, and adverse effects of biodegradable microplastics on aquatic organisms in various aquatic environments. Biodegradable microplastics, such as poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and poly(butylene succinate), are found in wastewater, reservoirs, and marine environments at concentrations between 0.054 and 180 μg/L. Their environmental levels are negatively correlated with their degradation capacity in water. Biodegradable microplastics adversely affect aquatic microbial communities, plant adaptability, and animal physiology, with their toxicity increasing upon degradation. This review advocates for a critical reassessment of the use, disposal, and management strategies surrounding BPs.

This review comprehensively outlines the latest developments in dual-domain biosensing solutions that integrate optical and electrochemical approaches, explicitly focusing on optical fiber-based technologies. The integration of optical and electrochemical domains in chemo and biosensing is gaining increasing attention due to its significant advantages. The review explores the application of these opto-electrochemical methods across various fields, including medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. It encompasses an array of techniques such as spectroelectrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance, lossy mode resonance, long-period fiber gratings, and interferometry. Additionally, the review delves into critical aspects of sensor design, particularly emphasizing the adaptation of these sensors for multi-domain sensing. The discussion aims to clearly explain how these integrated technologies can lead to advancements in chemo and biosensing.

Mycotoxins can occur at various stages of the food production process. Due to the toxicity of many of these compounds for human health, the development of analytical methodologies that allow their detection and remediation in food is of great interest. However, food analysis is challenging due to the complexity of the matrices, so sample treatment is a crucial step. Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has become one of the most popular green approaches for the isolation of mycotoxins from complex matrices. Furthermore, advanced magnetic materials as molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for MSPE, as they offer a simple and efficient application for mycotoxin extraction due to the possibility to modify and functionalize their surface according to specific requirements. This review provides an overview of the synthesis and recent applications of these sorbents for the MSPE isolation of mycotoxins from complex matrices.

In the past few years, there has been significant progress in developing sensors for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring. Thanks to their miniaturization, low cost, and growing concerns for people's well-being, these sensors have become increasingly important. This paper reviews the latest metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based gas sensors published since 2019 for the WHO-priority gas pollutants. While MOS-based gas sensors initially had limitations, including low selectivity, high operating temperatures leading to high power consumption, and interference from humidity, these challenges have been overcome. Currently, MOS-based sensors can detect some of the WHO-priority target gases at room temperature, achieving guideline values established for human safety. This progress in MOS-based gas sensors instills optimism for their future role in IAQ monitoring despite the challenges that still need to be addressed.

Indoor air pollution source apportionment (SA) is an evolving field and remains challenging to adjust the gained knowledge from atmospheric studies to the indoor environment. This paper identifies ten key-questions on indoor SA. Firstly, the scientific challenges of indoor SA are presented, including the differences between indoor and outdoor SA (Q1), the appropriate tracers (Q2), the challenges for indoor organic PM and VOCs apportionment (Q3) and the effect of oxidative reactions on indoor SA (Q4). Afterwards, the advances of indoor air monitoring/analysis are discussed towards an optimized indoor air SA (Q5-6). Q7 and Q8 review the type of receptor models best applying for indoor SA and discuss how the advances in online outdoor SA can benefit indoor SA. Q9 deals with the optimization of the estimation of the outdoor sources’ contribution to indoor air. Finally, the challenge of using machine learning techniques for indoor SA is discussed in Q10.