Retrospective Estimation of Potential Mobility of Artificial Radionuclides (60Co, 137Сs, 152Eu, 154Eu) in Bottom Sediments of the Yenisei River

IF 0.9 Q4 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Radiochemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1134/s1066362224020127

T. A. Zotina, Yu. V. Alexandrova, A. V. Chuguevsky, M. S. Melgunov

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Abstract

The present study addresses transformation of physicochemical forms (species) of artificial radionuclides in bottom sediments (BS) of the Yenisei River after the shutdown of the reactors at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) at Krasnoyarsk. The BS samples collected from the Yenisei at the MCC in 2018–2021 contained ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹⁵²Eu, ¹⁵⁴Eu, ¹⁵⁵Eu, and ²⁴¹Am. The species of radionuclides were studied using sequential extraction procedure. Considerable proportions of ⁶⁰Co (48–100%) and ¹³⁷Cs (72–83%), which are still released to the Yenisei with controlled discharges, were irreversibly bound to BS mineral solids. The percentages of europium isotopes, which have not been released to the Yenisei as part of controlled discharges since 2013, were lower in the irreversibly bound fraction (4.6–9.3% of ¹⁵²Eu), but their representation as relatively mobile species was more diverse compared to ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs. Interestingly, some percentage of ¹⁵²Eu (up to 15.5%) was retained in the most mobile, exchangeable, form. The species of ¹⁵⁴Eu and ¹⁵²Eu differed, which can be explained by dissimilar origins of these isotopes. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of physicochemical transformation of radionuclides in BS that enable them to be present in mobile species over long time periods and mechanisms of immobilization of artificial radionuclides in the environment.

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叶尼塞河底沉积物中人工放射性核素（60钴、137Сs、152Eu、154Eu）潜在迁移率的回顾性估计

摘要本研究探讨了克拉斯诺亚尔斯克矿化联合企业（MCC）反应堆关闭后叶尼塞河底沉积物（BS）中人工放射性核素物理化学形式（物种）的转变。2018-2021 年从 MCC 的叶尼塞河采集的 BS 样品含有 60Co、137Cs、152Eu、154Eu、155Eu 和 241Am。采用顺序萃取程序对放射性核素的种类进行了研究。60Co（48%-100%）和 137Cs（72%-83%）仍在受控排放的情况下释放到叶尼塞河，其中相当大比例的 60Co 和 137Cs 已不可逆地与 BS 矿物固体结合。自 2013 年以来，铕同位素没有作为受控排放物的一部分释放到叶尼塞河，其在不可逆结合部分中的百分比较低（占 152Eu 的 4.6-9.3%），但与 60Co 和 137Cs 相比，它们作为相对移动物种的代表性更加多样化。有趣的是，有一定比例的 152Eu （高达 15.5%）以流动性最强的可交换形式保留下来。154Eu 和 152Eu 的种类不同，这可以解释为这些同位素的来源不同。需要进一步研究放射性核素在 BS 中的物理化学转化机制，使其能够以可移动的形式长期存在，以及人工放射性核素在环境中的固定机制。

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来源期刊

Radiochemistry CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR-

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

33.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Radiochemistry is a journal that covers the theoretical and applied aspects of radiochemistry, including basic nuclear physical properties of radionuclides; chemistry of radioactive elements and their compounds; the occurrence and behavior of natural and artificial radionuclides in the environment; nuclear fuel cycle; radiochemical analysis methods and devices; production and isolation of radionuclides, synthesis of labeled compounds, new applications of radioactive tracers; radiochemical aspects of nuclear medicine; radiation chemistry and after-effects of nuclear transformations.

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