Individual foraging site fidelity persists within and across stopover seasons in a migratory shorebird, Numenius phaeopus (Whimbrel)

Maina C Handmaker, Felicia J Sanders, Adam D Smith, Ethan P Shealy, Natasza Fontaine, Madelyn B Kaplin, Janet M Thibault, Mary Catherine Martin, Camille Duquet, Abby V Sterling, Nathan R Senner
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Abstract

Site fidelity—returning repeatedly to the same site—can help many migratory species reduce uncertainty in their environment, especially when migratory stopover periods leave little time to explore and evaluate new habitat. Avian taxa, though, have shown wide variation in their levels of site fidelity during migration, and few studies have been able to examine individual-level fidelity at fine spatiotemporal scales. We used a high-resolution GPS tracking dataset of Numenius phaeopus (Whimbrel), a long-distance migratory shorebird, to assess levels of fidelity to specific foraging and roosting sites during migration, both within and between stopover seasons. We found that individuals are almost exclusively faithful to one shared roost site at night, but disperse to individual foraging territories during the day that overlap with each other by <20%. We show that individuals remain faithful to these distinct territories over time, on average, shifting the center of their daily home ranges by <1.5 km within a single season, and overlapping with their previous season’s home range by 70% when they return during subsequent stopovers. Our findings reveal for the first time that a shorebird species exhibits fine-scale, individual foraging site fidelity during and between migratory stopovers—an important insight to inform effective conservation and management action.
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迁徙性海岸鸟类--黄雀(Numenius phaeopus)在停歇季节内和停歇季节间的个体觅食地点忠诚度持续存在
对迁徙地点的忠诚--反复返回同一地点--可以帮助许多迁徙物种减少环境中的不确定性,尤其是当迁徙停留期几乎没有时间探索和评估新的栖息地时。不过,鸟类类群在迁徙过程中对迁徙地点的忠诚度差异很大,而且很少有研究能够在精细的时空尺度上考察个体水平的忠诚度。我们利用高分辨率的全球定位系统(GPS)跟踪数据集来评估长距离迁徙的岸鸟鸻在迁徙过程中对特定觅食和栖息地的忠实程度,包括在迁徙季节内和迁徙季节之间。我们发现,个体在夜间几乎只忠实于一个共同的栖息地,但在白天会分散到各自的觅食领地,这些领地之间的重叠率为<20%。我们的研究表明,随着时间的推移,个体会忠实于这些不同的领地,平均而言,在一个季节内,它们每天的家园范围中心会移动<1.5千米,当它们在随后的停留中返回时,会与上一季的家园范围重叠70%。我们的研究结果首次揭示了一种滨鸟物种在迁徙停留期间和迁徙停留之间表现出细微的个体觅食地点忠诚性--这是一种重要的洞察力,可为有效的保护和管理行动提供信息。
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