Cambios en la localización del melanoma cutáneo en los últimos 30 años. Estudio observacional retrospectivo

Abstract

Background

The location of cutaneous melanoma is associated with photoexposure.

Objectives

To retrospectively analyze changes in the location of cutaneous melanoma over the past 30 years.

Patients and methods

All patients treated at our hospital for cutaneous melanoma from 1988 through 2017 were prospectively collected. Data obtained in cases diagnosed from 1988 through June 2006 were compared to those diagnosed from July 2006 through 2017.

Results

A total of 1,937 patients (876 men and 1061 women; median age, 57 years; interquartile range 27) were diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma. The location of melanoma was head and neck (470 cases), trunk (745 cases), upper limbs (239 cases), and lower limbs (483 cases). From July 2006 through 2017 we detected an increase in the incidence of head and neck melanomas (19.9% vs 28.6%, p < 0.001). A drop in the incidence of melanomas located in the lower extremities was also seen in women (39.8% vs 30.4%, p < 0.001), and in the trunk men (57.5% vs 47.3%, p = 0.003). In the multivariate analyses, only the decrease in melanomas located in lower extremities in women remained significant.

Conclusion

The increased incidence of head and neck melanomas in both sexes and the decrease in trunk melanomas in men can be attributed to the aging of our population. The reduction in the incidence of melanomas in the lower extremities in women could be associated with changes in photoexposure patterns. Analyzing the factors possibly associated with these changes would contribute to better understanding the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma for prevention purposes.