A comparison of hippocampal and retrosplenial cortical spatial and contextual firing patterns

IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Hippocampus Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1002/hipo.23610
Dev Laxman Subramanian, Adam M. P. Miller, David M. Smith
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Abstract

The hippocampus (HPC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) are key components of the brain's memory and navigation systems. Lesions of either region produce profound deficits in spatial cognition and HPC neurons exhibit well-known spatial firing patterns (place fields). Recent studies have also identified an array of navigation-related firing patterns in the RSC. However, there has been little work comparing the response properties and information coding mechanisms of these two brain regions. In the present study, we examined the firing patterns of HPC and RSC neurons in two tasks which are commonly used to study spatial cognition in rodents, open field foraging with an environmental context manipulation and continuous T-maze alternation. We found striking similarities in the kinds of spatial and contextual information encoded by these two brain regions. Neurons in both regions carried information about the rat's current spatial location, trajectories and goal locations, and both regions reliably differentiated the contexts. However, we also found several key differences. For example, information about head direction was a prominent component of RSC representations but was only weakly encoded in the HPC. The two regions also used different coding schemes, even when they encoded the same kind of information. As expected, the HPC employed a sparse coding scheme characterized by compact, high contrast place fields, and information about spatial location was the dominant component of HPC representations. RSC firing patterns were more consistent with a distributed coding scheme. Instead of compact place fields, RSC neurons exhibited broad, but reliable, spatial and directional tuning, and they typically carried information about multiple navigational variables. The observed similarities highlight the closely related functions of the HPC and RSC, whereas the differences in information types and coding schemes suggest that these two regions likely make somewhat different contributions to spatial cognition.

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海马和后脾皮层空间和上下文发射模式的比较
海马(HPC)和后脾皮层(RSC)是大脑记忆和导航系统的关键组成部分。海马区神经元表现出众所周知的空间发射模式(位置场)。最近的研究还在 RSC 中发现了一系列与导航相关的发射模式。然而,很少有研究对这两个脑区的反应特性和信息编码机制进行比较。在本研究中,我们考察了 HPC 和 RSC 神经元在两项任务中的发射模式,这两项任务通常用于研究啮齿类动物的空间认知,即带有环境情境操作的开阔地觅食和连续 T 型迷宫交替。我们发现,这两个脑区编码的空间信息和情境信息在种类上有惊人的相似之处。这两个区域的神经元都携带着关于大鼠当前空间位置、轨迹和目标位置的信息,而且这两个区域都能可靠地区分情境。然而,我们也发现了一些关键的差异。例如,有关头部方向的信息是 RSC 表征的重要组成部分,但在 HPC 中的编码却很微弱。这两个区域还使用了不同的编码方案,即使它们编码的是同一类信息。不出所料,HPC 采用的是稀疏编码方案,其特点是位置场紧凑、对比度高,空间位置信息是 HPC 表征的主要组成部分。RSC 发火模式更符合分布式编码方案。RSC 神经元没有紧凑的位置场,而是表现出广泛但可靠的空间和方向调谐,它们通常携带有关多个导航变量的信息。观察到的相似性凸显了HPC和RSC密切相关的功能,而信息类型和编码方案的差异则表明这两个区域对空间认知的贡献可能有些不同。
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来源期刊
Hippocampus
Hippocampus 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
5.70%
发文量
79
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Hippocampus provides a forum for the exchange of current information between investigators interested in the neurobiology of the hippocampal formation and related structures. While the relationships of submitted papers to the hippocampal formation will be evaluated liberally, the substance of appropriate papers should deal with the hippocampal formation per se or with the interaction between the hippocampal formation and other brain regions. The scope of Hippocampus is wide: single and multidisciplinary experimental studies from all fields of basic science, theoretical papers, papers dealing with hippocampal preparations as models for understanding the central nervous system, and clinical studies will be considered for publication. The Editor especially encourages the submission of papers that contribute to a functional understanding of the hippocampal formation.
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