Evaluating Two Sampling Methods for Mycoplasma Bovis Diagnosis in American Bison (Bison bison).

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Journal of Wildlife Diseases Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.7589/JWD-D-23-00143
Katie Schwartz, Erin Schwalbe, Danielle Buttke, Tom Bragg, Halcyon Killion, Kerry S Sondgeroth, Jennifer L Malmberg
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Abstract

Mycoplasma bovis is a bacterial pathogen endemic to cattle. In the early 2000s, M. bovis emerged as a cause of respiratory disease in American bison (Bison bison), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Bison herds that experience an outbreak of M. bovis are at higher risk for subsequent outbreaks, suggesting that chronic, subclinical infections can be established. Antemortem testing is therefore crucial to disease management; however, the precise sampling method to maximize detection of M. bovis in bison is unknown. We evaluated two sample types-superficial nasal swabs and deep nasopharyngeal swabs-collected from apparently healthy or symptomatic bison from January 2021 through December 2022. We used real-time PCR to detect M. bovis in 76/938 bison (8.1%) from 11 herds. For bison testing positive on at least one swab type, M. bovis was detected in 63/76 (82.8%) deep nasopharyngeal swabs and 29/73 (38.1%) superficial nasal swabs. Agreement between swabs for positive bison was 21% (n=16, kappa coefficient 0.319). We conclude that deep nasopharyngeal swabbing is more sensitive than superficial nasal swabbing for detection of M. bovis in bison and that low agreement between methods may be related to stage of infection. We further tested pooled samples by PCR and found that pooling of up to five samples can be effective to increase throughput and minimize costs. Management of wild bison relies on the ability to relocate animals to maintain gene flow and healthy populations. Sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are needed to inform decisions and minimize risk of transmission, especially from subclinical carriers. This study provides valuable insight that will inform best practices for M. bovis testing, thereby supporting the conservation of bison as healthy wildlife, which in turn promotes ecological restoration, safeguards cultural practices of Tribal Nations, and upholds the bison as a unique American icon.

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评估用于诊断美洲野牛(Bison Bison)牛支原体的两种取样方法。
牛支原体是一种牛特有的细菌病原体。本世纪初,牛支原体成为美洲野牛(Bison bison)呼吸道疾病的病原体,造成严重的发病率和死亡率。经历过牛疫情爆发的野牛群随后爆发疫情的风险较高,这表明亚临床慢性感染可能已经形成。因此,死前检测对疾病管理至关重要;然而,最大限度地检测野牛体内牛海绵状芽孢杆菌的精确采样方法尚不清楚。我们评估了从 2021 年 1 月到 2022 年 12 月从表面健康或有症状的野牛身上采集的两种样本类型--浅层鼻拭子和深层鼻咽拭子。我们使用实时 PCR 检测了 11 个牛群中 76/938 头野牛(8.1%)的牛海绵状芽孢杆菌。在至少一种拭子类型检测呈阳性的野牛中,63/76(82.8%)份鼻咽深层拭子和 29/73(38.1%)份鼻腔浅层拭子中检测出布氏杆菌。阳性野牛拭子之间的一致性为 21%(n=16,卡帕系数 0.319)。我们的结论是,在检测野牛的牛海绵状芽孢杆菌时,鼻咽深部拭子比鼻腔浅部拭子更敏感,而且不同方法之间的一致性较低可能与感染阶段有关。我们进一步通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对集合样本进行了测试,发现最多可集合五个样本,这对提高检测效率和降低成本非常有效。野生野牛的管理依赖于重新安置动物的能力,以保持基因流动和健康的种群。我们需要灵敏、特异的诊断测试来为决策提供信息,并最大限度地降低传播风险,尤其是亚临床携带者的传播风险。这项研究提供了宝贵的见解,将为牛海绵状芽孢杆菌检测的最佳实践提供信息,从而支持将野牛作为健康的野生动物进行保护,这反过来又促进了生态恢复,保护了部落民族的文化习俗,并维护了野牛这一独特的美国标志。
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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.
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