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Comparison of Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine and Nalbuphine-Medetomidine-Azaperone for Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). 比较布托啡诺-阿扎哌隆-美托咪定和纳布啡-美托咪定-阿扎哌隆对白尾鹿的固定作用。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00135
Patrick J Grunwald, Mark G Ruder, David A Osborn, Lisa I Muller, Kaitlin O Goode, Gino J D'Angelo

Butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) is commonly used for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) immobilization in captive and free-ranging populations. It is a federally regulated controlled substance requiring stringent regulatory compliance, complicating field application. A prescription-only drug combination, nalbuphine-medetomidine-azaperone® (NalMed-A) provides a less-regulated alternative for use by wildlife professionals. Efficacy and safety of these drug combinations for immobilization of deer have not been compared in a controlled trial, and reports of dose-specific effects of NalMed-A on white-tailed deer physiology are lacking. Additionally, residual effects of these drugs on deer behavior, food consumption, and stress response have not been reported. In February through April 2021, we immobilized 30 captive female, adult white-tailed deer in three treatment groups (n=10 each). Hand-injected doses were 1.5 mL BAM intramuscularly (IM; 41.0 mg butorphanol, 13.6 mg azaperone, 16.4 mg medetomidine), 1.5 mL NalMed-A IM (60.0 mg nalbuphine, 15.0 mg medetomidine, 15.0 mg azaperone), and 2.0 mL NalMed-A IM (80.0 mg nalbuphine, 20.0 mg medetomidine, 20.0 mg azaperone). We compared quality of immobilizations and reversals and times to induction and reversal among treatments, collected biological samples to measure stress hormones and blood gases, and conducted observations to determine treatment-related variations in behaviors. When an effective dose was administered, both BAM and NalMed-A produced rapid and smooth immobilization and recovery after reversal. All treatments in combination with manual restraint caused some degree of hyperthermia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, bradycardia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and elevated lactate and serum cortisol. At 60 d, all deer were still alive, with no apparent residual effects. Vital signs of deer exposed to manual restraint and these drug combinations should be monitored closely, with supportive therapy provided when needed. We suggest BAM and NalMed-A are safe for immobilizing deer in situations similar to our trials, although doses may perform differently in deer remotely injected without manual restraint.

布托啡诺-阿扎哌隆-美托咪定(BAM)通常用于圈养和放养白尾鹿(Odocoileus virginianus)的固定。它是一种受联邦政府管制的受控物质,需要严格遵守相关法规,这使得野外应用变得更加复杂。纳布啡-美托咪啶-阿扎哌隆®(NalMed-A)是一种处方药复方制剂,为野生动物专业人员提供了一种管制较少的替代药物。这些药物组合用于固定鹿的功效和安全性尚未在对照试验中进行比较,也缺乏有关 NalMed-A 对白尾鹿生理机能的特定剂量影响的报告。此外,这些药物对鹿的行为、食物消耗和应激反应的残留影响也未见报道。2021 年 2 月至 4 月,我们将 30 只圈养的成年雌性白尾鹿固定在三个治疗组中(每组 10 只)。手注射剂量分别为 1.5 mL BAM 肌肉注射(IM;41.0 mg 丁吗啡醇、13.6 mg 阿扎哌隆、16.4 mg 美托咪定)、1.5 mL NalMed-A IM(60.0毫克纳布啡、15.0毫克美托咪定、15.0毫克阿扎哌隆),以及2.0毫升NalMed-A IM(80.0毫克纳布啡、20.0毫克美托咪定、20.0毫克阿扎哌隆)。我们比较了不同治疗中固定和逆转的质量以及诱导和逆转的时间,收集了生物样本以测量应激激素和血气,并进行了观察以确定与治疗相关的行为变化。在施用有效剂量的情况下,BAM 和 NalMed-A 都能产生快速平稳的固定和逆转后的恢复。所有治疗方法与人工束缚相结合都会引起一定程度的高热、低氧血症、高碳酸血症、心动过缓、呼吸和代谢性酸中毒以及乳酸和血清皮质醇升高。60 天后,所有鹿仍然存活,没有明显的后遗症。应密切监测暴露于人工束缚和这些药物组合的鹿的生命体征,并在必要时提供支持性治疗。我们认为,在与我们的试验类似的情况下,BAM 和 NalMed-A 用于固定鹿是安全的,尽管在没有人工束缚的情况下对鹿进行远程注射的剂量可能会有不同的表现。
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引用次数: 0
Serosurvey of Arboviruses in Free-ranging Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica. 哥斯达黎加散养曼特吼猴(Alouatta palliata)的阿博病毒血清调查。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00082
R Scott Larsen, Anneke Moresco, Nick Karabatsos, Gaby Dolz, Kenneth E Glander

We investigated the prevalence of arthropod-borne viral diseases in a population of free-ranging mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica in 1998. Blood samples were opportunistically collected from monkeys anesthetized for another study. Serology was performed on 64 individuals to assess exposure of this population to vesicular stomatitis virus, equine encephalitis viruses, Mayaro virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and dengue virus. The New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (VSV-NJ) was the only pathogen for which the population tested positive (44% [28/64]). This is the first report of antibodies against VSV-NJ in nonhuman primates in Costa Rica.

我们调查了 1998 年在哥斯达黎加散养的蝠鲼吼猴(Alouatta palliata)群体中节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病的流行情况。血液样本是从为另一项研究进行麻醉的猴子身上采集的。对 64 只猴子进行了血清学检测,以评估这些猴子是否感染了水泡性口炎病毒、马脑炎病毒、马雅罗病毒、圣路易斯脑炎病毒、黄热病病毒和登革热病毒。新泽西州水泡性口炎血清型(VSV-NJ)是唯一一种检测呈阳性的病原体(44% [28/64])。这是哥斯达黎加首次报告非人灵长类体内的 VSV-NJ 抗体。
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引用次数: 0
Packed Cell Volume and Plasma Chemistry Reference Intervals for Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) in a Rehabilitation Setting in Korea before Release. 韩国欧亚鹰鸮放归前康复环境中的填料细胞体积和血浆化学参考区间。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00014
Hee-Jong Kim, Kyoo-Tae Kim

Rehabilitation and release of wild birds hinge upon a comprehensive understanding of both biologic and nonbiologic factors, including the medical and physical fitness of the animal. The objectives of this study were to determine reference intervals of packed cell volume and plasma chemistry values for healthy Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) and to compare blood values between age and sex classes. There were significant differences between males and females in total protein and globulin mean values, with males having higher values than females. Adult and juvenile Eagle Owls differed significantly in the mean values of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid, with juveniles having higher values than adults. The calculated reference intervals for Eagle Owls can be used in Eurasian Eagle Owls admitted to rescue centers to assist veterinarians and wildlife managers to clinically evaluate and monitor the health of Eagle Owls and make decisions about when to release them after treatment.

野生鸟类的康复和放归取决于对生物和非生物因素的全面了解,包括动物的医疗和身体状况。本研究的目的是确定健康欧亚鹰鸮(Bubo bubo)的充盈细胞体积和血浆化学值的参考区间,并比较不同年龄和性别的血液值。雄性和雌性在总蛋白和球蛋白平均值方面存在明显差异,雄性高于雌性。成年鹰鸮和幼年鹰鸮在钙、碱性磷酸酶和尿酸的平均值上存在显著差异,幼年鹰鸮的数值高于成年鹰鸮。计算出的鹰鸮参考区间可用于救助中心接收的欧亚鹰鸮,帮助兽医和野生动物管理者临床评估和监测鹰鸮的健康状况,并决定治疗后何时放归。
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引用次数: 0
Causes of Death and Screening for Toxicants and Hemopathogens of European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Northern France. 法国北部野生动物康复中心的欧洲刺猬(Erinaceus europaeus)的死亡原因及毒物和血液病原体筛查。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00092
Julien Hirschinger, Sylvain Larrat, Guillaume Le Loc'h, Pascal Arné, Philippe Gourlay, Claire Le Moal, Laure Prevost, Philippe Berny, Eve Ramery, Lionel Zenner, Thomas Rambaud, Pauline Hubert, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Karin Lemberger

The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), common in rural and suburban environments, is perceived as declining within its native range, prompting conservation concerns. This study of hedgehogs admitted to a French rehabilitation center aimed to identify causes of death, detect potential emerging diseases, and systematically screen dead hedgehogs for toxicants and hemopathogens. Using clinical information, necropsy examination, and ancillary testing in 159 dead hedgehogs, we identified the primary cause of death of 92% of them. The leading causes of death were impaired general condition (30%); bacterial infections (26%), frequently caused by Salmonella Enteritidis; and trauma (20%). Additional factors contributing to death were identified in 78%, including a high proportion with significant parasite infestations. Toxicologic screening revealed that 42% of hedgehogs had been exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides, including 6.4% hedgehogs with levels compatible with acute intoxication. These hedgehogs were also exposed to trace metals, especially lead, but no pesticides residues were detected. Hemopathogen screening revealed a low diversity and prevalence of blood pathogens with 3.6, 2.9, and 2.9% individuals infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Mycoplasma turicensis, and Mycoplasma wenyonii, respectively. The variety of diagnoses suggests that there is no unique prominent or emerging disease responsible for the mortality of these hedgehogs. This study also highlighted the high exposure of hedgehogs to various toxicants. To further investigate the extent and causes of population declines, health information issued from several centers should be combined with demographic data as well as ecologic assessments on the availability and quality of natural resources.

欧洲刺猬(Erinaceus europaeus)在农村和郊区环境中很常见,但在其原生地却被认为正在减少,这引起了人们对其保护问题的关注。这项针对法国一家康复中心收治的刺猬的研究旨在确定刺猬的死亡原因,检测潜在的新发疾病,并对死亡刺猬的毒物和血液病原体进行系统筛查。通过对 159 只死亡刺猬的临床信息、尸体解剖检查和辅助检测,我们确定了其中 92% 刺猬的主要死因。主要死因是全身状况不佳(30%)、细菌感染(26%)(通常由肠炎沙门氏菌引起)和外伤(20%)。78%的病例还发现了其他致死因素,包括大量寄生虫感染。毒理学筛查显示,42%的刺猬曾接触过抗凝血灭鼠药,其中6.4%的刺猬中毒程度与急性中毒相符。这些刺猬还接触了微量金属,尤其是铅,但没有检测到农药残留。血液病原体筛查显示,血液病原体的多样性和流行率较低,分别有 3.6%、2.9% 和 2.9% 的个体感染了噬细胞嗜血杆菌、土里克星支原体和温阳支原体。诊断结果的多样性表明,这些刺猬的死亡并不是由独特的突出疾病或新出现的疾病造成的。这项研究还强调了刺猬接触各种有毒物质的高风险。为了进一步调查刺猬数量减少的程度和原因,应将几个中心发布的健康信息与人口数据以及对自然资源的可用性和质量的生态评估结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of baseline painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) health assessments at a confined disposal facility and a protected coastal marsh in southwestern Lake Erie, Ohio, USA. 美国俄亥俄州伊利湖西南部一个封闭处置设施和一个受保护沿海沼泽的基准彩龟(Chrysemys picta)健康评估比较。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00037
Emily C Vincent, Faith Satern, Jaylene Flint, Mark Flint

Dredging is commonly used to maintain navigational channels in freshwater lakes such as Lake Erie, and the dredged material may be discarded in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). The effects of these CDFs on wildlife health are largely unknown. We compared health assessments of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) at two sites in southwestern Lake Erie, Ohio, USA in May 2022: CDF for dredged material (n=27), and a protected coastal marsh (PCM; n=24). Each turtle underwent a physical examination, blood collection for hematology and plasma biochemistry profiles, and testing for Chlamydia spp., herpesviruses, ranavirus (frog virus 3), and Mycoplasmopsis spp. via oral and cloacal swabs. Six turtles were positive for Chlamydia spp. (11.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4%-23.9%), two from the CDF and four from the PCM. One Chlamydia-positive turtle was co-infected with herpesvirus (2.0%; 95% CI: 0%-10.5%) with 96.3% homology with emydid herpesvirus. No ranavirus or Mycoplasmopsis species were detected (0%, 95% CI: 0%-6.7%). Turtles captured from the CDF had significantly higher heterophil percentages, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and glucose levels, but significantly lower total protein and calcium/phosphorus ratios than turtles from PCM. Turtles living in the CDF were hyperglycemic, potentially indicating increased stress levels compared to the normoglycemic turtles from PCM. As humans continue to alter wetland habitats, the impact of anthropogenic sites such as CDFs on freshwater chelonian health and welfare should be monitored.

疏浚通常用于维护伊利湖等淡水湖的航道,疏浚材料可能被丢弃在封闭的处置设施(CDF)中。这些 CDF 对野生动物健康的影响在很大程度上是未知的。我们比较了 2022 年 5 月在美国俄亥俄州伊利湖西南部的两个地点对彩龟(Chrysemys picta)进行的健康评估:疏浚物处理设施(CDF,n=27)和沿海保护沼泽(PCM,n=24)。每只海龟都接受了体格检查、采血进行血液学和血浆生化分析,并通过口腔和泄殖腔拭子进行衣原体属、疱疹病毒、匐茎病毒(蛙病毒 3)和支原体属检测。六只龟的衣原体阳性(11.8%;95% 置信区间 [CI]:4.4%-23.9%),其中两只来自 CDF,四只来自 PCM。一只衣原体阳性的乌龟同时感染了疱疹病毒(2.0%;95% 置信区间:0%-10.5%),该病毒与贻贝疱疹病毒的同源性为 96.3%。没有检测到疱疹病毒或支原体(0%,95% CI:0%-6.7%)。从 CDF 捕获的海龟的异性嗜血杆菌百分比、异性嗜血杆菌/淋巴细胞比率和葡萄糖水平明显高于 PCM 捕获的海龟,但总蛋白和钙/磷比率明显低于 PCM 捕获的海龟。与来自 PCM 的血糖正常的乌龟相比,生活在 CDF 中的乌龟血糖过高,这可能表明乌龟的压力水平增加。随着人类不断改变湿地栖息地,应监测 CDF 等人为场所对淡水螯虾健康和福利的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Physiologic Outcomes after Thiafentanil and Xylazine Immobilization in Free-Ranging Moose (Alces alces). 自由活动的驼鹿(Alces alces)被噻芬太尼和赛拉嗪固定后的生理结果。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00114
Lauren Ienello, Seth Moore, E J Isaac, Rachel Thompson, Alonso G P Guedes, Tiffany M Wolf

Effects on physiology were evaluated in 49 free-ranging moose (Alces alces), 11 adult males, 36 females, two of unknown sex) in Minnesota, USA, immobilized by helicopter darting with thiafentanil (10 mg) and xylazine (30 mg) in February 2020 and March 2021. Pursuit time (PT), induction time (IT), recumbency time (RT), recovery time (RC), temperature (T), and body position were recorded. For 14 females, respiratory rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were obtained before and at 1, 5, and 10 min after 4 L/min nasal oxygen supplementation was started; pH, lactate (Lac), arterial oxygen (PaO2), and carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tensions were obtained pre-treatment and 5 min post-treatment. Immobilizations were reversed with naltrexone (200 mg) and tolazoline (800 mg) intramuscularly. Median PT and IT were 4 min; a longer dart needle significantly reduced IT (P=0.0274). Most (98%) remained sternal; 77% held their head upright. Median RC was 3 min. Temperature remained ≤41.2 C. Median RR, PR, and SpO2 were RR=20 breaths/min, PR=70 beats/min, SpO2=91% pre-treatment and RR=30 breaths/min, PR=72 beats/min, SpO2=97% 5-min post-treatment. Median blood gas values were pH=7.45, Lac=5.62 mmol/L, PaCO2=44 mmHg, and PaO2=65 mmHg pre-treatment and pH=7.48, Lac=4.99 mmol/L, PaCO2=41.1 mmHg, and PaO2=78 mmHg 5 min post-treatment. Physiologic improvement from oxygen supplementation was clinically relevant but not statistically significant. All moose survived immobilization. Thiafentanil and xylazine combination provided safe and effective immobilization in free-ranging moose.

2020 年 2 月和 2021 年 3 月,在美国明尼苏达州对 49 只自由放养的驼鹿(Alces alces)(11 只成年雄鹿、36 只雌鹿、2 只性别不明)进行了评估,这些驼鹿在直升机飞镖下被噻芬太尼(10 毫克)和甲苯噻嗪(30 毫克)固定。记录了追逐时间 (PT)、诱导时间 (IT)、后坐时间 (RT)、恢复时间 (RC)、体温 (T) 和体位。对 14 名女性患者,在开始 4 升/分钟鼻氧补充之前和之后的 1 分钟、5 分钟和 10 分钟测量呼吸频率 (RR)、脉搏频率 (PR) 和脉搏血氧饱和度 (SpO2);在治疗前和治疗后 5 分钟测量 pH 值、乳酸 (Lac)、动脉血氧 (PaO2) 和二氧化碳 (PaCO2) 张力。肌肉注射纳曲酮(200 毫克)和妥拉唑啉(800 毫克)可逆转固定。中位 PT 和 IT 为 4 分钟;较长的镖针可显著降低 IT(P=0.0274)。大多数患者(98%)保持胸骨位置;77%的患者头部保持直立。中位 RC 为 3 分钟。治疗前的 RR、PR 和 SpO2 中位值分别为 RR=20 次/分、PR=70 次/分、SpO2=91%;治疗后 5 分钟的 RR=30 次/分、PR=72 次/分、SpO2=97%。治疗前的中位血气值为 pH=7.45,Lac=5.62 mmol/L,PaCO2=44 mmHg,PaO2=65 mmHg;治疗后 5 分钟的中位血气值为 pH=7.48,Lac=4.99 mmol/L,PaCO2=41.1 mmHg,PaO2=78 mmHg。补氧对生理机能的改善具有临床意义,但没有统计学意义。所有驼鹿都在固定后存活了下来。噻芬太尼和异丙嗪组合可为自由放养的驼鹿提供安全有效的固定。
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引用次数: 0
Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Blood Butyrylcholinesterase Levels in Carnaby's Cockatoos (Zanda latirostris) with Carnaby's Hindlimb Paralysis Syndrome (CHiPS). 患有卡纳比后肢瘫痪综合征(CHiPS)的卡纳比凤头鹦鹉(Zanda latirostris)的脑乙酰胆碱酯酶和血液丁酰胆碱酯酶水平。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00201
Flaminia J Coiacetto, Rebecca J Vaughan-Higgins, Gabriele Rossi

Through evaluation of serum and plasma buterylcholinesterase (BChE) and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, we investigated the possibility of the involvement of an acute organophosphate toxicosis in the pathogenesis of ongoing annual outbreaks of paresis and paralysis that in some cases progress to death, in endangered Western Australian Carnaby's cockatoos (Zanda latirostris). The condition, named Carnaby's hindlimb paralysis syndrome (CHiPS), was first described in 2012. Following initial investigations involving clinical, epidemiologic, toxicologic, gross necropsy, and histologic evaluation, a toxic etiology, specifically an organophosphate toxicosis, was considered most likely. The study aimed to validate the BChE assay for use in serum and plasma in Carnaby's cockatoos. This study found no evidence of changes in serum or plasma BChE or brain AChE that indicate an acute organophosphate toxicosis as the cause of CHiPS. Although these results render an acute organophosphate toxicosis unlikely, an organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy has not been ruled out. Based on the results from the BChE validation study, the authors can recommend this assay for the evaluation of BChE measurement in plasma and serum from Carnaby's cockatoos with results showing excellent accuracy and precision.

通过评估血清和血浆丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)以及脑乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性,我们研究了濒危的西澳大利亚卡纳比凤头鹦鹉(Zanda latirostris)每年持续爆发的瘫痪和麻痹的发病机制中是否可能存在急性有机磷中毒。这种病症被命名为卡纳比后肢麻痹综合症(CHiPS),于2012年首次被描述。经过初步调查,包括临床、流行病学、毒理学、尸体解剖和组织学评估,认为最有可能的病因是中毒,特别是有机磷中毒。该研究旨在验证用于卡纳比凤头鹦鹉血清和血浆中的 BChE 检测方法。这项研究没有发现血清或血浆中 BChE 或脑 AChE 发生变化的证据,这表明 CHiPS 的病因是急性有机磷中毒。虽然这些结果表明急性有机磷中毒的可能性不大,但也不排除有机磷引起的迟发性神经病变的可能性。根据 BChE 验证研究的结果,作者推荐使用该测定法来评估卡纳比凤头鹦鹉血浆和血清中 BChE 的测量结果,其准确度和精密度都非常高。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring Seroprevalence of Infectious Diseases in the Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi). 监测佛罗里达豹(Puma concolor coryi)的传染病血清流行率。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00057
Desiree Walton, Marie Gilbertson, Mark Cunningham, Dave Onorato, Joshua Ringer, Meggan Craft

Infectious diseases can have detrimental effects on wildlife populations, particularly those that persist at small sizes, have low genetic diversity, and are affected by fragmented habitat. One such example is the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi), which has been intensively managed since the early 1980s, with the current population ranging between 120 and 230 individuals. For more than three decades, panthers have been captured, demographics recorded, and blood samples collected to monitor for multiple infectious diseases; however, an updated comprehensive study of many of these pathogens has not occurred since 1991. Our goal was to identify temporal patterns and spatial clustering in seroprevalence; determine if the pathogens of interest tend to co-occur; and describe relationships between an individual's genetic assignment (admixed or canonical) and seropositivity. We analyzed serology data for eight pathogens representing different modes of transmission (direct, indirect, vector borne) and infection duration (acute, chronic) from 232 panthers collected between 1992 and 2017. Panthers held consistently high seropositivity for feline calicivirus (62.3%) and panleukopenia virus (79.7%) throughout the study, whereas feline herpesvirus and feline leukemia virus were at lower prevalence (3.1% and 2.4%, respectively), although neither had been noted prior to 1992. Panthers were frequently seropositive for canine distemper virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, and seroprevalence fluctuated through time. West Nile virus seropositivity increased over the study period following its introduction in North America in 1999. Panthers were consistently negative for feline coronavirus, which causes feline infectious peritonitis. Genetics and demographics (sex and age) had little influence on serostatus, and coexposure among pathogens did not tend to occur. Both feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus appeared to have spatial clusters of seropositive individuals. Our findings enhance the understanding of pathogen exposure in panthers, informing and supporting ongoing surveillance efforts for timely detection and management of potential disease threats in vulnerable populations.

传染病会对野生动物种群造成有害影响,尤其是那些规模小、遗传多样性低、栖息地破碎化的野生动物。濒危的佛罗里达豹(Puma concolor coryi)就是这样一个例子,自 20 世纪 80 年代初以来,该物种一直受到严格管理,目前种群数量在 120 到 230 头之间。三十多年来,我们一直在捕捉美洲豹、记录其人口统计数据并采集血液样本,以监测多种传染性疾病;然而,自 1991 年以来,我们从未对其中的许多病原体进行过最新的全面研究。我们的目标是确定血清流行的时间模式和空间集群;确定感兴趣的病原体是否有共同出现的趋势;描述个体的基因分配(混合或典型)与血清阳性之间的关系。我们分析了 1992 年至 2017 年间收集的 232 只黑豹的八种病原体的血清学数据,这些病原体代表了不同的传播方式(直接、间接、媒介传播)和感染持续时间(急性、慢性)。在整个研究过程中,黑豹对猫犊牛病毒(62.3%)和泛白细胞减少症病毒(79.7%)的血清阳性率一直很高,而猫疱疹病毒和猫白血病病毒的感染率较低(分别为 3.1% 和 2.4%),尽管这两种病毒在 1992 年之前都未被发现。黑豹经常对犬瘟热病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒呈血清阳性反应,血清阳性率随时间而波动。西尼罗河病毒于 1999 年传入北美后,其血清阳性率在研究期间有所上升。黑豹对导致猫传染性腹膜炎的猫冠状病毒的检测一直呈阴性。遗传学和人口统计学(性别和年龄)对血清状态的影响很小,而且病原体之间的共同接触并不常见。猫免疫缺陷病毒和猫白血病病毒似乎都有血清阳性个体的空间集群。我们的研究结果加深了人们对黑豹病原体暴露的了解,为正在进行的监测工作提供了信息和支持,以便及时发现和管理易感人群中潜在的疾病威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Prion Gene Sequencing in Florida Panthers (Puma concolor coryi) Suggests No Differential Susceptibility to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy. 佛罗里达豹(Puma concolor coryi)的朊病毒基因测序表明其对传染性海绵状脑病的易感性没有差异。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00058
Elizabeth Sharkey, David P Onorato, Melody E Roelke-Parker, Alexander Ochoa, Melanie Culver, Robert R Fitak

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, or prion disease, poses a serious threat to wildlife; however, the susceptibility of apex predators is still being assessed. We investigated variation in the prion protein gene in Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and found that admixture from Central American pumas probably introduced a novel, albeit benign, prion allele.

传染性海绵状脑病(或称朊病毒病)对野生动物构成严重威胁;然而,顶级食肉动物的易感性仍在评估之中。我们调查了佛罗里达美洲豹(Puma concolor coryi)的朊病毒蛋白基因变异,发现来自中美洲美洲狮的混杂可能引入了一种新的、尽管是良性的朊病毒等位基因。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Diversity of Piroplasms in Free-ranging Ruminants in Nevada, USA. 美国内华达州自由放养反刍动物中皮疽的流行率和多样性。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00042
Kayla B Garrett, Lance Murray, Peregrine L Wolff, Nate LaHue, Michael J Yabsley

Wildlife may be infected with a high diversity of piroplasms and may serve as hosts or reservoirs for piroplasms of importance for domestic animals and public health. In the US, some piroplasms (e.g., Babesia spp. and Theileira cervi) have been associated with disease in native and exotic ungulates. Blood from 447 ruminants in Nevada were PCR tested for piroplasms, with 115 individuals from five species or subspecies found positive: 28/46 California bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis californiana), 1/16 desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelson), 70/255 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 14/53 elk (Cervis canadensis nelsoni), and 2/55 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). Six mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and four moose (Alces alces) were negative. Four piroplasm species were detected-Babesia duncani, Babesia sp. RD63, Babesia odocoilei, and Theileria cervi-like spp.-but three B. duncani strains were detected, giving seven unique species or strains. Babesia duncani, the most common piroplasm detected (83%), occurred in California and desert bighorn sheep, elk, and mule deer. Bighorn sheep were only infected with B. duncani, whereas mule deer and elk were each infected with three piroplasm species or strains. The single Theileria sp. and B. odocoilei detections were in pronghorn. Free-ranging ruminants in Nevada are infected with a high diversity of piroplasms, several of which are zoonotic or reported to cause disease in both wild and domestic ruminants.

野生动物可能会感染多种多样的螺旋体,并可能成为对家畜和公共卫生具有重要意义的螺旋体的宿主或储库。在美国,一些螺原虫(如巴贝西亚原虫和宫颈螺原虫)与本地和外来蹄类动物的疾病有关。对内华达州 447 头反刍动物的血液进行 PCR 检测,发现有五个物种或亚种的 115 头反刍动物的血液呈阳性:28/46 头加州大角羊 (Ovis canadensis californiana)、1/16 头沙漠大角羊 (Ovis canadensis nelson)、70/255 头骡鹿 (Odocoileus hemionus)、14/53 头麋鹿 (Cervis canadensis nelsoni) 和 2/55 头长角羊 (Antilocapra americana)。六只山羊(Oreamnos americanus)和四只驼鹿(Alces alces)呈阴性。检测到四个血吸虫种--邓卡尼巴贝斯虫、RD63 巴贝斯虫、奥多科莱巴贝斯虫和颈丝虫--但检测到三个邓卡尼巴贝斯虫菌株,因此有七个独特的种或菌株。在加利福尼亚和沙漠大角羊、麋鹿和骡鹿中发现了最常见的弧菌(83%)Babesia duncani。大角羊只感染了 B. duncani,而骡鹿和麋鹿则分别感染了三种血吸虫种或株。发现的唯一一种 Theileria sp.内华达州的散养反刍动物感染了多种不同的螺旋体,其中有几种是人畜共患疾病,或据报道会导致野生和家养反刍动物患病。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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