The exposure of nonhuman living organisms to mobile communication emissions: A survey to establish European stakeholders' policy option preferences.

IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Risk Analysis Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI:10.1111/risa.14322
Laura Recuero Virto, Arno Thielens, Marek Czerwiński, Jérémy Froidevaux
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Abstract

There is an unprecedented exposure of living organisms to mobile communications radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) emissions. Guidelines on exposure thresholds to limit thermal effects from these emissions are restricted to humans. However, tissue heating can occur in all living organisms that are exposed. In addition, exposure at millimetric frequencies used by 5G may impact surface tissues and organs of plants and small-size species. It is also expected that the addition of 5G to existing networks will intensify radiofrequency absorption by living organisms. A European Parliament report proposed policy options on the effects of RF-EMF exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms in the context of 5G: funding more research, implementing monitoring networks, accessing more information from operators on antennas and EMF emissions, and developing compliance studies when antennas are installed. However, there is no evidence on the preferences of relevant stakeholders regarding these policy options. This paper reports the findings of a survey of key European stakeholders' policy option preferences based on the European Parliament's report. It reveals a broad consensus on funding more research on the effects of exposure of plants, animals, and other living organisms to EMFs. It also highlights the need for deliberation concerning the other policy options that could provide solutions for regulatory authorities, central administrations, the private sector, nongovernmental associations and advocates, and academics. Such deliberation would pave the way for effective solutions, focusing on long-term output from funding research, and enabling short-term socially and economically acceptable actions for all parties concerned.

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非人类生物暴露于移动通信辐射:一项旨在确定欧洲利益相关者政策选择偏好的调查。
生物体暴露在移动通信射频电磁场(RF-EMF)辐射中的情况前所未有。有关限制这些辐射热效应的暴露阈值准则仅限于人类。然而,所有生物体在暴露后都可能出现组织发热。此外,暴露于 5G 使用的毫米级频率可能会影响植物和小型物种的表面组织和器官。预计在现有网络中增加 5G 还将加强生物体对射频的吸收。欧洲议会的一份报告就 5G 对植物、动物和其他生物体的射频电磁场暴露影响提出了政策选择:资助更多研究、实施监测网络、从运营商处获取更多有关天线和电磁场辐射的信息,以及在安装天线时开展合规性研究。然而,目前还没有证据表明相关利益方对这些政策选择的偏好。本文报告了根据欧洲议会报告对欧洲主要利益相关者的政策选择偏好进行调查的结果。调查显示,在资助更多有关植物、动物和其他生物体暴露于电磁场影响的研究方面,各方已达成广泛共识。报告还强调,有必要就其他政策选项进行讨论,以便为监管机构、中央行政部门、私营部门、非政府协会和倡导者以及学术界提供解决方案。这种讨论将为有效的解决方案铺平道路,注重资助研究的长期产出,并使有关各方能够采取社会和经济上可接受的短期行动。
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来源期刊
Risk Analysis
Risk Analysis 数学-数学跨学科应用
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
10.50%
发文量
183
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: Published on behalf of the Society for Risk Analysis, Risk Analysis is ranked among the top 10 journals in the ISI Journal Citation Reports under the social sciences, mathematical methods category, and provides a focal point for new developments in the field of risk analysis. This international peer-reviewed journal is committed to publishing critical empirical research and commentaries dealing with risk issues. The topics covered include: • Human health and safety risks • Microbial risks • Engineering • Mathematical modeling • Risk characterization • Risk communication • Risk management and decision-making • Risk perception, acceptability, and ethics • Laws and regulatory policy • Ecological risks.
期刊最新文献
Benchmark dose modeling for epidemiological dose-response assessment using case-control studies. The lasting effect of the Romantic view of nature: How it influences perceptions of risk and the support of symbolic actions against climate change. The exposure of nonhuman living organisms to mobile communication emissions: A survey to establish European stakeholders' policy option preferences. Research gaps and priorities for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Pairwise summation as a method for the additive combination of probabilities in qualitative risk assessments.
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