Portable x-ray fluorescence for bone lead measurement: Current approaches and future directions.

IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Current Environmental Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI:10.1007/s40572-024-00450-x
Aaron J Specht, Christian Hoover, Thomas Grier
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Legacy lead exposures persist as a widespread problem. Blood lead is traditionally used for lead exposure surveillance; however, bone lead proves to be a cheaper, more accessible, and more revealing tool for surveillance that can be measured using portable x-ray fluorescence techniques. We outline how this approach excels for bone lead measurements.

Recent findings: Portable XRF offers quick, non-invasive in vivo quantification of bone lead. Compared to traditional KXRF systems, pXRF is limited to cortical bone but allows for quicker and similar results. Current methodologies of lead exposure need re-evaluation as lead-related disease burden and trends are dependent on both cumulative and acute impacts. We examined the evolution of XRF techniques for measuring bone lead, comparing current methods with previous ones. We assessed their accuracy, identified limitations, and discussed potential advances in future techniques. Legacy lead exposures call for a revitalization of lead surveillance methods, and pXRF measurement of bone lead offers such a solution.

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用于骨铅测量的便携式 X 射线荧光技术:当前方法和未来方向。
审查目的:遗留的铅暴露一直是一个普遍存在的问题。传统上,血铅被用于监测铅暴露;但事实证明,骨铅是一种更便宜、更易获得、更能揭示问题的监测工具,可使用便携式 X 射线荧光技术进行测量。我们概述了这种方法在骨铅测量中的优势:便携式 X 射线荧光技术可对骨铅进行快速、无创的体内量化。与传统的 KXRF 系统相比,pXRF 只适用于皮质骨,但却能更快地得出相似的结果。目前的铅暴露方法需要重新评估,因为与铅相关的疾病负担和趋势取决于累积影响和急性影响。我们研究了用于测量骨铅的 XRF 技术的演变,并将目前的方法与以前的方法进行了比较。我们评估了这些方法的准确性,确定了其局限性,并讨论了未来技术的潜在进步。历史遗留的铅暴露要求重振铅监测方法,而骨铅的 pXRF 测量则提供了这样一种解决方案。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
1.30%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: Current Environmental Health Reports provides up-to-date expert reviews in environmental health. The goal is to evaluate and synthesize original research in all disciplines relevant for environmental health sciences, including basic research, clinical research, epidemiology, and environmental policy.
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