Enhancing photovoltaic operation system efficiency and cost-effectiveness through optimal control of thermoelectric cooling

Abstract

Solar energy has experienced a surge in utilization, primarily through the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, tapping into its abundant renewable potential. Efficiently cooling the operational surfaces of these PV panels is paramount for optimizing their performance and extending their lifespan. Cooling not only boosts electrical efficiency but also mitigates cell degradation. Temperature plays a crucial role in panel efficiency, particularly when temperatures exceed 25 °C, highlighting the need for effective cooling methods. Previous research has struggled to optimize control without relying on traditional cooling mediums. One promising approach involves attaching thermoelectric coolers (TECs) to the rear of PV panels, effectively reducing surface temperatures. To evaluate the economic viability of this approach, a comparative analysis is conducted between conventional systems and PV-TEC hybrid systems. A mathematical model describing the cooling process of PV modules is formulated, and simulations are carried out using MATLAB and the SCIP (Solving Constrained Integer Programs) in OPTI toolbox. The outcomes illustrate that precise control of TECs can increase the electrical output power efficiency of PV modules by 9.27 % while efficiently regulating surface temperatures. Furthermore, life cycle cost comparisons reveal that the hybrid system may be more cost-effective, boasting a 10.56 % cost saving over a 20-year project lifespan. A break-even point analysis indicates that the proposed system may break even in 6.5 years, demonstrating its potential for long-term economic benefits. This research underscores the significance of thermoelectric cooling in enhancing both performance and economic viability in solar PV systems.