Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

Oxide-nitride nanolayer stacks for enhanced passivation of p-type surfaces in silicon solar cells 用于增强硅太阳能电池 p 型表面钝化的氧化物-氮化物纳米层堆

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113231

Xinya Niu , Anastasia Soeriyadi , Guanze He , Shona McNab , Sergio Lozano-Perez , Ruy S. Bonilla

In the quest for ultra-high-efficiency silicon solar cells, optimising surface passivation has emerged as a critical pathway to minimise losses and enhance device performance. Recent breakthroughs in aluminium oxide (AlO_x) passivation show an interface to Si with low interface defect density and high negative charge density after activation annealing at 400–450 °C, enabling low surface recombination velocities. The formation of an interfacial SiO_x layer has been recognised as a key factor. In this study, we present an in-depth investigation of a SiO_x/AlO_x/SiN_x nanolayer stack interface with Si, where the SiO_x is wet chemically grown. By varying the AlO_x deposition from 5 to 40 ALD cycles, we observed a reduction in interface defect density, indicating the presence of negatively charged hydrogen in the AlO_x layer. We reveal a distinctly different interface between Si and nanolayer stacks with or without AlO_x. Activation annealing significantly reduced recombination losses for stacks with AlO_x, attributed to increased charge density and decreased carrier capture velocity at the valence band-tail. We find lower electron capture rates in nanolayer stacks containing AlO_x, suggesting effective passivation of donor states by negatively charged hydrogen. Additionally, the formation of new acceptor states was detected by an increase in hole capture velocity at the interface after annealing. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) identified an Al:SiO_xN_y layer of ∼2.5 nm thick with excess oxygen content and a mixture of tetrahedral and octahedral coordinated Al, likely contributing to the formation of acceptor defects and suggest an intrinsic link between the chemical and field-effect passivation.

在追求超高效硅太阳能电池的过程中，优化表面钝化已成为最大限度减少损耗和提高器件性能的关键途径。最近在氧化铝（AlOx）钝化方面取得的突破表明，在 400-450 °C 下活化退火后，硅的界面缺陷密度低，负电荷密度高，从而实现了较低的表面重组速度。界面氧化硅层的形成被认为是一个关键因素。在本研究中，我们对 SiOx/AlOx/SiNx 纳米层堆叠与 Si 的界面进行了深入研究，其中 SiOx 是湿化学生长的。通过改变 5 至 40 个 ALD 周期的氧化铝沉积，我们观察到界面缺陷密度降低，这表明氧化铝层中存在带负电荷的氢。我们揭示了有无氧化铝的硅和纳米层堆栈之间截然不同的界面。活化退火显著降低了带氧化铝的堆栈的重组损耗，这归因于电荷密度的增加和价带尾处载流子捕获速度的降低。我们发现在含有氧化铝的纳米层堆栈中电子捕获率较低，这表明带负电的氢有效地钝化了供体态。此外，退火后界面处空穴捕获速度的增加也检测到了新受体态的形成。电子能量损失光谱（EELS）确定了一个厚度为 2.5 纳米的 Al:SiOxNy 层，该层氧含量过高，并混合了四面体和八面体配位的铝，这可能有助于形成受体缺陷，并表明化学钝化和场效应钝化之间存在内在联系。

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引用次数: 0

Sb2S3 solar cells with TiO2 electron transporting layers synthesized by ALD and USP methods 采用 ALD 和 USP 方法合成的带有 TiO2 电子传输层的 Sb2S3 太阳能电池

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113279

T. Dedova , R. Krautmann , M. Rusu , A. Katerski , M. Krunks , T. Unold , N. Spalatu , A. Mere , J. Sydorenko , M. Sibiński , I. Oja Acik

Electronic characteristics were investigated for solar cells (SCs) based on FTO/TiO₂/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Au structure, employing TiO₂ electron transport layers (ETLs) fabricated by two different methods: ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Regardless of the deposition method, both ALD and USP-TiO₂ exhibit the anatase crystal structure. The calculated crystallite sizes, derived from the (101) reflection of TiO₂ layers using the Scherrer equation, show minimal variance between the two methods, with values 25 nm for USP and 30 nm for ALD TiO₂, respectively. Optical band gaps (E_g) were found to be 3.31 eV and 3.35 eV for USP and ALD methods, respectively. Exploring the thickness series of ALD-TiO₂, ranging from 100 to 1000 cycles (approximately 5–75 nm), solar cell performance was evaluated, with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.3 % achieved using ALD-TiO₂ of 400 cycles (approximately 30 nm thick). Notably, SCs featuring USP TiO₂ ETL layers, with a thickness of approximately 35–40 nm, outperform their ALD-TiO₂ counterparts, improving PCE by 15 %, recording 4.0 % versus 3.3 %, respectively. This superiority in PCE is attributed to the more favorable conduction band minimum (CBM) position of USP-TiO₂ relative to the Fermi level, as revealed in the band diagram. Specifically, a lower CBM spike at the USP-TiO₂/-Sb₂S₃ interface indicates reduced recombination rates compared to those at the ALD-TiO₂/-Sb₂S₃ interface. This study offers valuable insights into enhancing SC performance by optimizing deposition methods and synthesis parameters of ETL layers.

研究了基于 FTO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au 结构的太阳能电池 (SC) 的电子特性，该电池采用两种不同的方法制造 TiO2 电子传输层 (ETL)：超声喷射热解 (USP) 和原子层沉积 (ALD)。无论采用哪种沉积方法，ALD 和 USP-TiO2 都表现出锐钛型晶体结构。利用舍勒方程从二氧化钛层的 (101) 反射得出的计算结晶尺寸显示，两种方法之间的差异极小，USP 和 ALD 二氧化钛的结晶尺寸分别为 25 nm 和 30 nm。USP 和 ALD 方法的光带隙 (Eg) 分别为 3.31 eV 和 3.35 eV。通过探索 ALD-TiO2 的厚度系列（从 100 到 1000 个循环（约 5-75 nm）），对太阳能电池的性能进行了评估，其中使用 400 个循环（约 30 nm 厚）的 ALD-TiO2 实现了 3.3 % 的最高功率转换效率 (PCE)。值得注意的是，采用 USP TiO2 ETL 层（厚度约为 35-40 纳米）的太阳能电池性能优于 ALD-TiO2 同类产品，PCE 提高了 15%，分别达到 4.0% 和 3.3%。这一 PCE 优越性归功于 USP-TiO2 相对于费米级更有利的导带最小值 (CBM) 位置，如带状图所示。具体来说，USP-TiO2/-Sb2S3 界面上较低的 CBM 峰值表明，与 ALD-TiO2/-Sb2S3 界面相比，重组率降低了。这项研究为通过优化 ETL 层的沉积方法和合成参数来提高 SC 性能提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Solar energy harvester based on polarization insensitive and wide angle stable UWB absorber for UV, visible and IR frequency range 基于对偏振不敏感且广角稳定的 UWB 吸收器的太阳能收集器，适用于紫外线、可见光和红外线频率范围

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113292

Vikram Maurya, Shashank Kumar Yadav, Sarthak Singhal

This paper proposes an ultrawideband electromagnetic absorber operating in the infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet regime. The overall structure of the proposed absorber is made up of multiple square rings arranged in a symmetrical configuration. The absorber consists of three layers, the ground layer made of nickel, the intermediate substrate layer is made of polyimide and the top layer is constructed from nickel. The overall unit cell dimension of 119 nm × 119 nm × 31 nm has been proposed for the optimum performance of the absorber. It has absorption (A) of more than 90 % for the frequency range of 131.59 THz to more than 4500 THz. The proposed absorber is polarization-independent. The absorber shows more than 70 % absorption for incident angle<65° in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. The absorber covers the range of infrared, visible, and ultraviolet frequencies. Using this proposed absorber, high solar absorption efficiency (η_A) of 96.84 % and high thermal emission efficiency (η_E) of 90.19 %, 92.54 %, 95 % and 96.64 % are achieved at 1000K, 1500K, and 2500K & 3500 K, respectively. Due to the ultrawideband characteristic of the proposed design in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regimes, the proposed design can be used as a highly efficient absorber in many applications such as photovoltaics, photo-detectors, thermal emitters, IR (Infrared) detectors, cloaking, solar energy harvesting, sensing, and UV (Ultra-Violet) protection.

本文提出了一种可在红外线、可见光和紫外线范围内工作的超宽带电磁吸收器。该吸收器的整体结构由对称排列的多个方环组成。吸收器由三层组成，地层由镍制成，中间基底层由聚酰亚胺制成，顶层由镍制成。为使吸收器达到最佳性能，建议吸收器的整体单元尺寸为 119 nm × 119 nm × 31 nm。在 131.59 太赫兹到 4500 太赫兹的频率范围内，吸收率 (A) 超过 90%。所提出的吸收器与极化无关。在横向电模式和横向磁模式下，入射角为 65°时，吸收率超过 70%。吸收器的吸收范围包括红外线、可见光和紫外线频率。在 1000K、1500K 和 2500K & 3500 K 温度条件下，该吸收器的太阳能吸收效率 (ηA) 高达 96.84 %，热辐射效率 (ηE) 分别为 90.19 %、92.54 %、95 % 和 96.64 %。由于所提出的设计在红外线、可见光和紫外线范围内具有超宽带特性，因此可在光伏、光检测器、热发射器、红外线（IR）检测器、隐形、太阳能收集、传感和紫外线（Ultra-Violet）防护等许多应用中用作高效吸收器。

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引用次数: 0

Testing and rating of vehicle-integrated photovoltaics: Scientific background 汽车集成光伏系统的测试和评级：科学背景

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113241

Kenji Araki, Yasuyuki Ota, Kensuke Nishioka

We need to rush into the international standardization of the performance of VIPV. IEC TC82 PT600 and WG2 group carry out the standardization discussion. This work covers the scientific aspects behind the standardization. It consists of three layers: (1) Performance testing VIPV or curved PV modules by reproducible measurements; (2) Outdoor performance validation and correction modeling; (3) Energy rating. Unlike other PV installations, the relative position of the sun and its shading objects quickly and frequently moves so that the repeatable evaluation of the performance of VIPV was challenging. As a result of scientists and testing engineers worldwide, (1) we could develop a new testing protocol for the curved PV modules, (2) we observed the different performances in the curved photovoltaic modules and succeeded in reproducing in a simple numerical model, and (3) we developed Excel-level calculation methods for shading and partial-shading impact to irradiation onto photovoltaic modules on vehicles.

我们需要尽快启动 VIPV 性能的国际标准化工作。IEC TC82 PT600 和 WG2 小组开展了标准化讨论。这项工作涉及标准化背后的科学问题。它包括三个层面：（1）通过可重复测量对 VIPV 或曲面光伏组件进行性能测试；（2）室外性能验证和修正建模；（3）能效等级评定。与其他光伏装置不同，太阳及其遮挡物的相对位置会快速、频繁地移动，因此 VIPV 性能的可重复评估具有挑战性。在全球科学家和测试工程师的共同努力下，(1) 我们开发出了针对曲面光伏组件的新测试协议；(2) 我们观察到了曲面光伏组件的不同性能，并成功地在简单的数值模型中进行了再现；(3) 我们开发出了 Excel 级别的计算方法，用于计算遮阳和部分遮阳对照射到车载光伏组件上的影响。

引用次数: 0

Decreased interface defects in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells via Cd2+&Ag+ double-ion interface deposition 通过 Cd2+&Ag+ 双离子界面沉积减少 Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 太阳能电池中的界面缺陷

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113290

Xiangyang Zhao, Lingling Wang, Yawei Wang, Xingyu Zhang, Rong Fang, Yue Zhou, Rui Guo, Xintong Zhang, Yichun Liu

Kesterite Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells are considered a promising new type of film cell, due to their rich elemental reservation and excellent photovoltaic performance. However, the deleterious defects at the heterojunction interface severely hinder charge transport, separation, and extraction, significantly limiting the photovoltaic performance of CZTSSe solar cells. In this study, a simple method involving the incorporation of Cd²⁺ and Ag ⁺ dual-ion at the heterojunction interface was proposed to reduce interfacial defects. The results showed that Cd²⁺ and Ag ⁺ dual-ion interface deposition effectively reduced the [2Cu_zn + Sn_zn] harmful defects near the heterojunction interface and subsequently reduced the number of recombination centers in the interface. This led to improved carrier recombination at the interface. Meanwhile, the devices achieved a wider depletion width, which was more favorable for carrier collection. Ultimately, the conversion efficiency increased by 32.81 %. This simple interface dual-ion deposition strategy offers a promising strategy for further enhancing the efficiency of CZTSSe cells.

钾长石铜2锌锡（S,Se）4（CZTSSe）薄膜太阳能电池因其丰富的元素保留和优异的光伏性能而被认为是一种前景广阔的新型薄膜电池。然而，异质结界面上的有害缺陷严重阻碍了电荷传输、分离和提取，极大地限制了 CZTSSe 太阳能电池的光伏性能。本研究提出了一种在异质结界面加入 Cd2+ 和 Ag + 双离子的简单方法，以减少界面缺陷。结果表明，Cd2+和Ag+双离子界面沉积有效地减少了异质结界面附近的[2Cuzn + Snzn]有害缺陷，从而减少了界面中的重组中心数量。这就改善了界面上的载流子重组。同时，器件实现了更宽的耗尽宽度，更有利于载流子收集。最终，转换效率提高了 32.81%。这种简单的界面双离子沉积策略为进一步提高 CZTSSe 电池的效率提供了一种前景广阔的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing bypass diode performance with modified hotspot mitigation circuit 利用改进型热点缓解电路优化旁路二极管性能

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113281

Kashika Baranwal, Prem Prakash, Vinod Kumar Yadav

The frequently changing environmental conditions have a substantial impact on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems, which makes it challenging to ensure its high-performance ratios. Mismatch of solar cells is one such factor, that leads to formation of hotspot in solar PV systems and reduces its reliability. The experimental findings presented in this article shows the inadequacy of conventional bypass circuit to protect the shaded PV module from adverse thermal impacts of small shaded areas at all operating points and for large shaded areas at maximum power point. Its performance is assessed through I-V, P-V, and bypass characteristic of the PV system for various partial shading scenarios. Previous attempts to mitigate hotspots were considered complex and costly for practical use. This article suggests a cost-effective remedy by simplifying the triggering of MOSFET based hotspot mitigation circuit. The performance of the proposed circuit is demonstrated using a 3x3 TCT connected PV array and its efficacy is confirmed via thermographic images, validating the enhanced reliability aspect. The findings reveal that the implemented solution effectively reduces the temperature of the shadowed cell(s) by up to 27.45 % when compared with conventional bypass circuit.

经常变化的环境条件对光伏（PV）系统的性能有很大影响，这使得确保其高性能比成为一项挑战。太阳能电池的不匹配就是导致太阳能光伏系统形成热点并降低其可靠性的因素之一。本文介绍的实验结果表明，传统的旁路电路无法在所有工作点保护遮光光伏模块免受小遮光区域和最大功率点大遮光区域的不利热影响。本文通过光伏系统在各种部分遮阳情况下的 I-V、P-V 和旁路特性对其性能进行了评估。以往为缓解热点问题所做的尝试被认为非常复杂，实际使用成本高昂。本文通过简化基于 MOSFET 的热点缓解电路的触发，提出了一种具有成本效益的补救方法。使用 3x3 TCT 连接的光伏阵列演示了所提电路的性能，并通过热成像图像确认了其功效，验证了其可靠性的提高。研究结果表明，与传统旁路电路相比，所实施的解决方案可有效降低阴影电池温度达 27.45%。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental evaluation of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system using a modular heat collector with flat back shape fins, pipe, nanofluids and phase change material 使用带有平背形翅片、管道、纳米流体和相变材料的模块化集热器的光伏热（PVT）系统的实验评估

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113294

Mohammadreza Madadi, Ali Akbar Abbasian Arani

In recent years, the study of decreasing photovoltaic (PV) units cell temperature increase caused by solar excess energy, which is converted into heat rather than electrical energy, resulting in voltage output reduction and thereby lowering overall efficiency, has been the trending subject of much researches. In this study, a novel heat collector, which is an assembly of a series of flat heat sinks and serpentine copper tubes in an enclosed sealed container filled with paraffin wax is proposed. This assembly as an individual set is clamped and attached by screws to the rear side of the photovoltaic panel. The proposed system was experimentally investigated outdoors by utilizing SiC/water and Graphene/water nanofluids and water as cooling mediums with volume fractions 0.2 % and 0.4 % at 0.5LPM and 1LPM flow rates and this system was compared with a photovoltaic panel with no cooling. The achieved results showed that both nanofluids caused temperature drop compared to using water as coolant and the system with no cooling. Also, experimental results showed that the Graphene nanofluid caused more temperature reduction and accordingly resulted in higher power and efficiencies. Moreover, increasing volume concentration and flow rate of the working fluid led to have better performance in all the tests. Also, increasing volume concentration of nanofluid and flow rate caused to have more temperature reduction and as a result, more enhancement in electrical and thermal efficiencies.

Kewwords

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT); Heat collector; Flat back shape fins, Fins, Nanofluids; Phase Change Material (PCM).

近年来，研究如何降低光伏（PV）单元电池因太阳能过剩而导致的温度升高，并将其转化为热能而非电能，从而导致电压输出降低，进而降低整体效率，已成为众多研究的趋势性课题。本研究提出了一种新型集热器，它是由一系列扁平散热器和蛇形铜管组成的组件，装在一个充满石蜡的密闭容器中。该组件作为一个单独的组件，用螺钉夹紧并固定在光伏板的后侧。通过使用 SiC/水和石墨烯/水纳米流体和水作为冷却介质（体积分数分别为 0.2% 和 0.4%，流速分别为 0.5LPM 和 1LPM），对所提议的系统进行了室外实验研究，并将该系统与无冷却的光伏面板进行了比较。实验结果表明，与使用水作为冷却剂和无冷却系统相比，两种纳米流体都会导致温度下降。同时，实验结果表明，石墨烯纳米流体的降温幅度更大，因此功率和效率更高。此外，增加工作流体的体积浓度和流速可在所有测试中获得更好的性能。此外，纳米流体的体积浓度和流速增加会导致温度降低更多，从而提高电效率和热效率。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing the effectiveness of various coatings to mitigate photovoltaic modules soiling in desert climate 分析各种涂层在减轻沙漠气候条件下光伏组件污损方面的效果

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113278

Alaa Elsafi , Mohamed Abdelrahim , Mohamed Elgaili , Kamal Mroue , Ayman Samara , Atef Zekri , Guido Willers , Klemens Ilse , Brahim Aïssa , Hussam Qasem , Mujaheed Pasha , Said A. Mansour , Amir Abdallah

In this work, two different anti-soiling coatings (ASC) and anti-reflection coatings (ARC) were developed and tested under real operating conditions in Doha, Qatar, and compared with uncoated glass (UNC) to identify the best coating properties for mitigating solar photovoltaic (PV) module soiling. Soiling was measured in terms of loss in light transmittance, measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy, and increase in surface coverage area, measured using optical microscopy. The results indicate a decrease in light transmittance and an increase in surface coverage area over time due to dust accumulation. ASC coupons show higher hydrophilicity and, therefore, less soiling. ASC/ARC leads to a higher loss in light transmittance, while UNC results in a higher surface coverage area compared to the other coupons. Over 25 weeks of outdoor exposure and 12 cleaning cycles, analysis of 13,320 light microscopy images revealed mean dust surface coverage areas for ASC, ASC/ARC, and UNC glass coupons of 14.6 %, 13.6 %, and 15.8 %, respectively. Unlike the ASC/ARC and UNC coupons, the ASC recovers to its initial condition immediately after cleaning. Therefore, ASC was found to maintain a cleaner glass surface compared to ASC/ARC and UNC. However, the differences in transmittance loss among the three coupons are not significant. The results were compared to findings from similar studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate regional differences in coatings performance. For the same coatings, a significant light transmittance loss was measured in Doha (Qatar) compared to Uyaynah (Saudi Arabia). The combination of high humidity and heavy dust in Qatar's extreme conditions reduces the effectiveness of both ASC/ARC and ASC coatings.

在这项工作中，开发了两种不同的防污涂层 (ASC) 和防反射涂层 (ARC)，并在卡塔尔多哈的实际操作条件下进行了测试，与未镀膜玻璃 (UNC) 进行了比较，以确定减轻太阳能光伏 (PV) 模块污损的最佳涂层特性。脏污是通过紫外可见光谱法测量透光率的损失和光学显微镜测量表面覆盖面积的增加来衡量的。结果表明，随着时间的推移，灰尘的积累会导致透光率的降低和表面覆盖面积的增加。ASC 试样显示出较高的亲水性，因此较少弄脏。与其他试样相比，ASC/ARC 试样的透光率损失较大，而 UNC 试样的表面覆盖面积较大。经过 25 周的室外曝晒和 12 个清洁周期，对 13,320 张光学显微镜图像的分析表明，ASC、ASC/ARC 和 UNC 玻璃试样的平均灰尘表面覆盖面积分别为 14.6%、13.6% 和 15.8%。与 ASC/ARC 和 UNC 玻片不同，ASC 在清洁后会立即恢复到初始状态。因此，与 ASC/ARC 和 UNC 相比，ASC 能保持更清洁的玻璃表面。不过，三种试样在透射率损失方面的差异并不显著。研究结果与在沙特阿拉伯进行的类似研究结果进行了比较，以评估涂层性能的地区差异。对于相同的涂层，在多哈（卡塔尔）测得的透光率损失比在乌耶纳（沙特阿拉伯）测得的要大。在卡塔尔的极端条件下，高湿度和重灰尘的结合降低了 ASC/ARC 和 ASC 涂层的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Accurately quantifying the recombination pathways unique in back contact solar cells 精确量化背接触太阳能电池特有的重组途径

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113277

Genshun Wang , Hao Lin , Hua Wu , Tingting Wang , Qiao Su , Chaowei Xue , Liang Fang , Xixiang Xu , Pingqi Gao

With the rapid development of back contact (BC) solar cells, more refined characterization methods are eagerly required to match the evolving technology. Specifically, methodologies capable to accurately quantify the recombination values near the hole-selective contact (HSC)/Gap boundary are still lacking. Hence, we perform simulations using a simplified recombination model to re-specify the perimeter recombination in heterojunction back contact (HBC) solar cells on the prerequisite of excellent surface passivation. And then an innovative characterization method is developed to precisely extract the recombination current values of various regions. Moreover, our method is powerful in accurate localization of the defective regions, e.g., perimeter recombination, junction recombination, or leakage recombination issue, rendering sequentially target-oriented response much easier. We clarify the role relationship and the influence extent between the characteristic parameters and the intrinsic properties of HBC solar cells. Also, we believe the full utilization of the proposed method could accelerate the development of BC solar cells to a new level.

随着背接触（BC）太阳能电池的快速发展，急需更精细的表征方法来匹配不断发展的技术。具体来说，目前仍然缺乏能够准确量化空穴选择性接触 (HSC) / 间隙边界附近的重组值的方法。因此，我们使用简化的重组模型进行模拟，在表面钝化效果极佳的前提下，重新确定异质结背接触（HBC）太阳能电池中的周界重组。然后开发了一种创新的表征方法，以精确提取各区域的重组电流值。此外，我们的方法还能精确定位缺陷区域，如周边重组、结重组或泄漏重组问题，从而更容易采取有针对性的应对措施。我们阐明了特征参数与 HBC 太阳能电池内在特性之间的作用关系和影响程度。同时，我们相信，充分利用所提出的方法可以将 BC 太阳能电池的发展加速到一个新的水平。

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引用次数: 0

Concentrated near-field thermophotonics for efficient solar energy harvesting: Model development, system analysis, and performance optimization 用于高效太阳能收集的聚光近场热光子学：模型开发、系统分析和性能优化

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113273

Ehsanur Rahman , Fei Gao , Xin Zhang

In recent years, research on near-field thermophotonic systems has predominantly focused on waste heat recovery and electroluminescence cooling, while studies on near-field thermophotonic converters for solar energy harvesting have not been reported. We propose a near-field solar thermophotonic converter (NF-STC) that harnesses the full solar spectrum to generate electricity. Considering fluctuational electrodynamics and nonradiative recombination losses, we developed a self-consistent model to theoretically evaluate the performance of the NF-STC system from far-field to near-field regimes under two scenarios: varying LED temperature and fixed LED temperature. In the case of variable LED temperature, we identify that increasing the solar concentration, decreasing the thickness of the semiconductor material to mitigate the effect of non-radiative recombination, narrowing the vacuum gap spacing, and implementing gold back reflector for photon recycling can significantly bolster the performance of the system. Specifically, when the gap spacing is 10 nm, and the solar concentration factor is 400, we show that the total electrical power density and overall conversion efficiency can reach 8892 mW cm⁻² and 22.2%, respectively. Conversely, in the fixed LED temperature scenario, the performance characteristics diverge from those observed in the variable temperature case. The system exhibits superior performance at higher LED temperatures and smaller gap spacing. This work deepens the understanding of thermophotonic converters’ application in solar energy harvesting by considering the interplay of various physical phenomena. It presents a promising pathway for efficient solar thermal power conversion.

近年来，有关近场热光子系统的研究主要集中在余热回收和电致发光冷却方面，而有关用于太阳能收集的近场热光子转换器的研究尚未见报道。我们提出了一种近场太阳能热光子转换器（NF-STC），它能利用整个太阳光谱发电。考虑到波动电动力学和非辐射重组损耗，我们建立了一个自洽模型，从理论上评估了 NF-STC 系统在两种情况下从远场到近场的性能：变化的 LED 温度和固定的 LED 温度。在 LED 温度可变的情况下，我们发现提高太阳光浓度、减小半导体材料厚度以减轻非辐射重组的影响、缩小真空间隙间距以及采用金背向反射器进行光子回收，都能显著提高系统的性能。具体来说，当间隙间距为 10 nm、太阳光集中系数为 400 时，我们发现总功率密度和整体转换效率分别可达到 8892 mW cm-2 和 22.2%。相反，在 LED 温度固定的情况下，其性能特征与在温度可变的情况下观察到的性能特征有所不同。该系统在较高的 LED 温度和较小的间隙间距下表现出卓越的性能。这项研究通过考虑各种物理现象的相互作用，加深了人们对热光子转换器在太阳能收集中的应用的理解。它为高效太阳能热能转换提供了一条前景广阔的途径。

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引用次数: 0