Bayesian analysis on missing visual information and object complexity on visual search for object orientation and object identity

Abstract

Missing visual information, such as a gap between an object or an occluded view, has been shown to disrupt visual search and make amodal completion inefficient. Previous research, using simple black bars as stimuli, failed to show a pop-out effect (flat search slope across increasing visual set sizes) during a feature search when the target was partially occluded, but not in cases where it was fully visible. We wanted to see if this lack of a pop-out effect during feature (orientation) search extended to complex objects (Experiment 1) and identity search (Experiment 2). Participants completed orientation and identity visual search tasks by deciding whether the target was present or not present. Bayesian analyses was conducted to find evidence for observed data to be under the null (pop-out effects) or alternative hypotheses (differences in search slopes). When no occluders or gaps were present, a pop-out effect occurred when searching for a simple objects' orientation or identity. In addition, object complexity affected identity search, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that some complex object may not show a pop-out effect. Furthermore, white occluding bars were more disruptive than having a gap of visual information for feature search but not for identity search. Overall, pop-out effects do occur for simple objects, but when the task is more difficult, search for real-world objects is greatly affected by any type of visual disruption.