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Viewed touch influences tactile detection by altering decision criterion. 观看触觉通过改变决策标准来影响触觉检测。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02959-7
Anupama Nair, Jared Medina

Our tactile perception is shaped not only by somatosensory input but also by visual information. Prior research on the effect of viewing touch on tactile processing has found higher tactile detection rates when paired with viewed touch versus a control visual stimulus. Therefore, some have proposed a vicarious tactile system that activates somatosensory areas when viewing touch, resulting in enhanced tactile perception. However, we propose an alternative explanation: Viewing touch makes the observer more liberal in their decision to report a tactile stimulus relative to not viewing touch, also resulting in higher tactile detection rates. To disambiguate between the two explanations, we examined the effect of viewed touch on tactile sensitivity and decision criterion using signal detection theory. In three experiments, participants engaged in a tactile detection task while viewing a hand being touched or approached by a finger, a red dot, or no stimulus. We found that viewing touch led to a consistent, liberal criterion shift but inconsistent enhancement in tactile sensitivity relative to not viewing touch. Moreover, observing a finger approach the hand was sufficient to bias the criterion. These findings suggest that viewing touch influences tactile performance by altering tactile decision mechanisms rather than the tactile perceptual signal.

我们的触觉感知不仅受体感输入的影响,也受视觉信息的影响。之前关于观看触觉对触觉处理的影响的研究发现,与对照视觉刺激相比,与观看触觉配对的触觉检测率更高。因此,有人提出了一种替代触觉系统,即在观看触觉时激活躯体感觉区域,从而增强触觉感知。然而,我们提出了另一种解释:相对于不观看触觉,观看触觉会使观察者在决定报告触觉刺激时更加自由,这也会导致更高的触觉检测率。为了区分这两种解释,我们利用信号检测理论研究了观看触觉对触觉敏感度和决策标准的影响。在三项实验中,参与者在观看被手指触摸或接近的手、红点或无刺激的情况下进行触觉检测任务。我们发现,与不观察触觉相比,观察触觉会导致一致的、自由的标准转移,但触觉灵敏度的增强却不一致。此外,观察手指接近手部足以使标准发生偏移。这些研究结果表明,观察触觉是通过改变触觉决策机制而不是触觉知觉信号来影响触觉表现的。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial for Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. 注意、知觉与心理物理学》编辑部。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02973-9
William Ngiam, Joy J Geng, Sarah Shomstein
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引用次数: 0
Inhibition of return in a 3D scene depends on the direction of depth switch between cue and target. 三维场景中的返回抑制取决于线索和目标之间的深度切换方向。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02969-5
Hanna Haponenko, Noah Britt, Brett Cochrane, Hong-Jin Sun

Inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon that reflects slower target detection when the target appears at a previously cued rather than uncued location. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which IOR occurs in three-dimensional (3D) scenes comprising pictorial depth information. Peripheral cues and targets appeared on top of 3D rectangular boxes placed on the surface of a textured ground plane in virtual space. When the target appeared at a farther location than the cue, the magnitude of the IOR effect in the 3D condition remained similar to the values found in the two-dimensional (2D) control condition (IOR was depth-blind). When the target appeared at a nearer location than the cue, the magnitude of the IOR effect was significantly attenuated (IOR was depth-specific). The present findings address inconsistencies in the literature on the effect of depth on IOR and support the notion that visuospatial attention exhibits a near-space advantage even in 3D scenes consisting entirely of pictorial depth information.

回视抑制(IOR)是指当目标出现在先前被提示的位置而非未被提示的位置时,目标检测速度较慢的一种现象。在本研究中,我们调查了在包含图像深度信息的三维(3D)场景中发生 IOR 的程度。外围线索和目标出现在虚拟空间中纹理地平面表面上的三维矩形框的顶部。当目标出现在比提示更远的位置时,三维条件下 IOR 效应的大小与二维(2D)对照条件下的值相似(IOR 为深度盲)。当目标出现在比提示更近的位置时,IOR效应的幅度明显减弱(IOR具有深度特异性)。本研究结果解决了有关深度对 IOR 影响的文献中存在的不一致之处,并支持了这样一种观点,即即使在完全由图像深度信息组成的三维场景中,视觉空间注意也会表现出近空间优势。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of attention on ensemble perception: Comparison between exogenous attention, endogenous attention, and depth. 注意力对集合感知的影响:外源性注意、内源性注意和深度之间的比较。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02972-w
Binglong Li, Xiaoyu Wang, Ke Zhang, Jiehui Qian

Ensemble perception is an important ability of human beings that allows one to extract summary information for scenes and environments that contain information that far exceeds the processing limit of the visual system. Although attention has been shown to bias ensemble perception, two important questions remain unclear: (1) whether direct manipulations on different types of spatial attention could produce similar effects on ensembles and (2) whether factors potentially influencing the attention distribution, such as depth perception, could evoke an indirect effect of attention on ensemble representation. This study aims to address these questions. In Experiments 1 and 2, two types of precues were used to evoke exogenous and endogenous attention, respectively, and the ensemble color perceptions were examined. We found that both exogenous and endogenous attention biased ensemble representation towards the attended items, and the latter produced a greater effect. In Experiments 3 and 4, we examined whether depth perception could affect color ensembles by indirectly influencing attention allocation in 3D space. The items were separated in two depth planes, and no explicit cues were applied. The results showed that color ensemble was biased to closer items when depth information was task relevant. This suggests that ensemble perception is naturally biased in 3D space, probably through the mechanism of attention. Computational modeling consistently showed that attention exerted a direct shift on the ensemble statistics rather than averaging the feature values over the cued and noncued items, providing evidence against an averaging process of individual perception.

集合感知是人类的一项重要能力,它使人们能够提取场景和环境的概要信息,而这些场景和环境所包含的信息远远超出了视觉系统的处理极限。尽管注意力已被证明会偏向集合感知,但有两个重要问题仍不清楚:(1) 直接操纵不同类型的空间注意力是否会对集合产生类似的影响;(2) 可能影响注意力分布的因素(如深度知觉)是否会唤起注意力对集合表征的间接影响。本研究旨在解决这些问题。在实验 1 和 2 中,我们分别使用了两种类型的前兆来唤起外源性和内源性注意,并对集合的颜色感知进行了研究。我们发现,外源性和内源性注意都会使集合表征偏向被注意的项目,而后者产生的影响更大。在实验 3 和 4 中,我们研究了深度知觉是否会通过间接影响三维空间的注意分配来影响颜色集合。项目被分隔在两个深度平面上,并且没有使用明确的提示。结果显示,当深度信息与任务相关时,颜色集合偏向于更近的项目。这表明,在三维空间中,集合感知可能是通过注意力机制自然偏向的。计算建模一致表明,注意力对集合统计产生了直接影响,而不是对提示和非提示项目的特征值进行平均,这为个体感知的平均过程提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Crossmodal correspondence of elevation/pitch and size/pitch is driven by real-world features. 仰角/俯角和大小/高低的跨模态对应是由真实世界的特征驱动的。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02975-7
John McEwan, Ada Kritikos, Mick Zeljko

Crossmodal correspondences are consistent associations between sensory features from different modalities, with some theories suggesting they may either reflect environmental correlations or stem from innate neural structures. This study investigates this question by examining whether retinotopic or representational features of stimuli induce crossmodal congruency effects. Participants completed an auditory pitch discrimination task paired with visual stimuli varying in their sensory (retinotopic) or representational (scene integrated) nature, for both the elevation/pitch and size/pitch correspondences. Results show that only representational visual stimuli produced crossmodal congruency effects on pitch discrimination. These results support an environmental statistics hypothesis, suggesting crossmodal correspondences rely on real-world features rather than on sensory representations.

跨模态对应是不同模态的感觉特征之间的一致联系,一些理论认为它们可能反映了环境相关性或源于先天神经结构。本研究通过研究刺激的视网膜特征或表象特征是否会诱发跨模态一致效应来探讨这一问题。受试者在完成听觉音高辨别任务的同时,还需要与感觉性(视网膜同位)或表象性(场景整合)不同的视觉刺激配对,进行高低和大小/音高的对应。结果表明,只有表象性视觉刺激才会对音调辨别产生跨模态一致效应。这些结果支持环境统计假说,表明跨模态对应依赖于真实世界的特征而非感觉表征。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced salience of edge frequencies in auditory pattern recognition. 听觉模式识别中边缘频率的显著性增强
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02971-x
Michel Bürgel, Diana Mares, Kai Siedenburg

Within musical scenes or textures, sounds from certain instruments capture attention more prominently than others, hinting at biases in the perception of multisource mixtures. Besides musical factors, these effects might be related to frequency biases in auditory perception. Using an auditory pattern-recognition task, we studied the existence of such frequency biases. Mixtures of pure tone melodies were presented in six frequency bands. Listeners were instructed to assess whether the target melody was part of the mixture or not, with the target melody presented either before or after the mixture. In Experiment 1, the mixture always contained melodies in five out of the six bands. In Experiment 2, the mixture contained three bands that stemmed from the lower or the higher part of the range. As expected, Experiments 1 and 2 both highlighted strong effects of presentation order, with higher accuracies for the target presented before the mixture. Notably, Experiment 1 showed that edge frequencies yielded superior accuracies compared with center frequencies. Experiment 2 corroborated this finding by yielding enhanced accuracies for edge frequencies irrespective of the absolute frequency region. Our results highlight the salience of sound elements located at spectral edges within complex musical scenes. Overall, this implies that neither the high voice superiority effect nor the insensitivity to bass instruments observed by previous research can be explained by absolute frequency biases in auditory perception.

在音乐场景或纹理中,某些乐器发出的声音比其他乐器发出的声音更能吸引注意力,这暗示着对多源混合物的感知存在偏差。除了音乐因素外,这些效应可能与听觉感知中的频率偏差有关。我们利用听觉模式识别任务研究了这种频率偏差的存在。纯音旋律的混合物在六个频段中呈现。听者被要求评估目标旋律是否是混合物的一部分,目标旋律要么出现在混合物之前,要么出现在混合物之后。在实验 1 中,混合物始终包含六个频段中五个频段的旋律。在实验 2 中,混合旋律包含了三个频段,分别来自音域的低频段或高频段。不出所料,实验 1 和实验 2 都突出了呈现顺序的强烈影响,在混合物之前呈现的目标准确率更高。值得注意的是,实验 1 显示边缘频率比中心频率的准确率更高。实验 2 证实了这一发现,无论绝对频率区域如何,边缘频率的准确率都有所提高。我们的结果凸显了复杂音乐场景中位于频谱边缘的声音元素的显著性。总体而言,这意味着无论是之前研究中观察到的高音优势效应还是对低音乐器的不敏感性,都无法用听觉感知中的绝对频率偏差来解释。
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引用次数: 0
What do we see behind an occluder? Amodal completion of statistical properties in complex objects. 我们在遮挡物后面看到了什么?复杂物体统计特性的模态完成。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02948-w
Thomas Cherian, S P Arun

When a spiky object is occluded, we expect its spiky features to continue behind the occluder. Although many real-world objects contain complex features, it is unclear how more complex features are amodally completed and whether this process is automatic. To investigate this issue, we created pairs of displays with identical contour edges up to the point of occlusion, but with occluded portions exchanged. We then asked participants to search for oddball targets among distractors and asked whether relations between searches involving occluded displays would match better with relations between searches involving completions that are either globally consistent or inconsistent with the visible portions of these displays. Across two experiments involving simple and complex shapes, search times involving occluded displays matched better with those involving globally consistent compared with inconsistent displays. Analogous analyses on deep networks pretrained for object categorization revealed a similar pattern of results for simple but not complex shapes. Thus, deep networks seem to extrapolate simple occluded contours but not more complex contours. Taken together, our results show that amodal completion in humans is sophisticated and can be based on extrapolating global statistical properties.

当一个尖状物体被遮挡时,我们希望它的尖状特征能在遮挡物后面继续存在。虽然现实世界中的许多物体都包含复杂的特征,但目前还不清楚更复杂的特征是如何模态完成的,也不清楚这一过程是否是自动完成的。为了研究这个问题,我们制作了一对显示屏,显示屏的轮廓边缘到遮挡点为止完全相同,但遮挡部分互换了。然后,我们让参与者在分散注意力的物体中搜索奇异目标,并询问涉及闭塞显示的搜索之间的关系是否与涉及与这些显示的可见部分总体一致或不一致的完成部分的搜索之间的关系更匹配。在涉及简单形状和复杂形状的两个实验中,涉及遮挡显示的搜索时间与涉及全局一致显示的搜索时间相比更匹配。对经过物体分类预训练的深度网络进行的类似分析表明,简单形状的搜索结果与之类似,而复杂形状的搜索结果则与之不同。因此,深度网络似乎能推断出简单的闭塞轮廓,但不能推断出更复杂的轮廓。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,人类的模态完成是复杂的,可以基于全局统计特性进行推断。
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引用次数: 0
Temporal error monitoring: Does agency matter? 时间误差监测:机构是否重要?
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02967-7
Tutku Öztel, Fuat Balcı

Error monitoring is the ability to report one's errors without relying on feedback. Although error monitoring is investigated mostly with choice tasks, recent studies have discovered that participants parametrically also keep track of the magnitude and direction of their temporal, spatial, and numerical judgment errors. We investigated whether temporal error monitoring relies on internal generative processes that lead to the to-be-judged first-order timing performance. We hypothesized that if the endogenous processes underlie temporal error monitoring, one can monitor timing errors in emitted but not observed timing behaviors. We conducted six experiments to test this hypothesis. The first two experiments showed that confidence ratings were negatively related to error magnitude only in emitted behaviors, but error directionality judgments of observed behaviors were more precise. Experiment 3 replicated these effects even after controlling for the motor aspects of first-order timing performance. The last three experiments demonstrated that belief of agency (i.e., believing that the error belongs to the self or someone else) was critical in accounting for the confidence rating effects observed in the first two experiments. The precision of error directionality judgments was higher in the non-agency condition. These results show that confidence is sensitive to belief, and short-long judgment is sensitive to the actual agency of timing behavior (i.e., whether the behavior was emitted by the self or someone else).

错误监测是一种不依赖反馈而报告自己错误的能力。虽然错误监测主要是在选择任务中进行调查,但最近的研究发现,参与者也会参数化地跟踪其时间、空间和数字判断错误的大小和方向。我们研究了时间误差监测是否依赖于内部生成过程,从而导致待判断的一阶时间表现。我们假设,如果内生过程是时间误差监测的基础,那么人们就能监测到发出而非观察到的时间行为中的时间误差。我们进行了六个实验来验证这一假设。前两个实验表明,只有在发出行为中,置信度评级与误差大小呈负相关,但对观察行为的误差方向性判断更为精确。实验 3 复制了这些效应,即使在控制了一阶计时表现的运动方面后也是如此。后三个实验表明,相信代理(即相信错误属于自己或他人)是解释前两个实验中观察到的置信度效应的关键。在非代理条件下,错误方向性判断的精确度更高。这些结果表明,信心对信念很敏感,而短时长时判断对计时行为的实际机构(即行为是由自己还是他人发出的)很敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of musical training on temporal productions when using fast and slow counting paces. 使用快速和慢速计数时,音乐训练对颞叶生成的影响。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02970-y
Simon Grondin, Antoine Demers, Pier-Alexandre Rioux, Nicola Thibault, Giovanna Mioni

The aim of the study was to assess the ability to maintain a steady pace during a counting task, aloud or silently, when a fast (28 counts every 900 ms) or slow (18 counts every 1,400 ms) pace is adopted (target = 25,200 ms), and to test whether ability is the same for musician and nonmusicians. The study analyzes the mean and variability of 30 temporal productions. The results show more variability (a larger coefficient of variation: standard deviation/mean production) in the condition where the pace is slow, a finding consistent with previous reports with this task. This finding applies here in both the aloud and silent counting conditions and, most importantly, applies to both musicians and nonmusicians. The results also indicate that there is no significant difference for the absolute error (|mean production - target duration|). In brief, the capacity to keep variability low when maintaining a pace seems to gain benefit from musical training, and this training difference does not depend on counting aloud versus silently and is not restricted to brief intervals.

本研究旨在评估在计数任务中,当采用快(每 900 毫秒计数 28 次)或慢(每 1,400 毫秒计数 18 次)速度(目标值 = 25,200 毫秒)时,大声或默默地保持稳定速度的能力,并检验音乐家和非音乐家的能力是否相同。该研究分析了 30 种时间制作的平均值和变异性。结果表明,在节奏较慢的条件下,变异性更大(变异系数更大:标准偏差/平均发音),这一结果与之前有关该任务的报告一致。这一发现同时适用于大声和无声计数条件,最重要的是,它同时适用于音乐家和非音乐家。结果还表明,绝对误差(|平均产量-目标持续时间|)没有显著差异。简而言之,在保持节奏时保持低变异性的能力似乎可以从音乐训练中获益,而且这种训练差异并不取决于大声数数还是默数,也不局限于短暂的时间间隔。
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引用次数: 0
Contextual cuing survives an interruption from an endogenous cue for attention. 内源性注意线索中断后,情境线索仍能存活。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02966-8
Tom Beesley, Louise Earl, Hope Butler, Inez Sharp, Ieva Jaceviciute, David Luque

Three experiments explored how the repetition of a visual search display guides search during contextual cuing under conditions in which the search process is interrupted by an instructional (endogenous) cue for attention. In Experiment 1, participants readily learned about repeated configurations of visual search, before being presented with an endogenous cue for attention towards the target on every trial. Participants used this cue to improve search times, but the repeated contexts continued to guide attention. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the presence of the endogenous cue did not impede the acquisition of contextual cuing. Experiment 3 confirmed the hypothesis that the contextual cuing effect relies largely on localized distractor contexts, following the guidance of attention. Together, the experiments point towards an interplay between two drivers of attention: after the initial guidance of attention, memory representations of the context continue to guide attention towards the target. This suggests that the early part of visual search is inconsequential for the development and maintenance of the contextual cuing effect, and that memory representations are flexibly deployed when the search procedure is dramatically interrupted.

有三项实验探讨了在搜索过程被注意力指示(内源性)提示打断的条件下,重复视觉搜索显示如何在情境提示中引导搜索。在实验 1 中,被试很容易就学会了视觉搜索的重复配置,然后在每次试验中都会出现一个要求被试注意目标的内源性提示。受试者利用这一提示提高了搜索时间,但重复的情境继续引导着受试者的注意力。实验 2 表明,内源性线索的存在并不妨碍情境线索的获得。实验 3 证实了这一假设,即情境提示效应在很大程度上依赖于注意力引导下的局部分心情境。这些实验共同表明,注意力的两个驱动因素之间存在相互作用:在最初的注意力引导之后,上下文的记忆表征继续引导注意力指向目标。这表明,视觉搜索的早期阶段对于情境提示效应的发展和维持并不重要,而当搜索过程大幅中断时,记忆表征会被灵活地调配。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Attention Perception & Psychophysics
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