Biotechnological potential of actinomycetes in the 21st century: a brief review

Rafael de Souza Rodrigues, Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza, Maria Divina Oliveira Feitoza, Thalita Caroline Lima Alves, Anderson Nogueira Barbosa, Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva Santiago, Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza
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Abstract

This brief review aims to draw attention to the biotechnological potential of actinomycetes. Their main uses as sources of antibiotics and in agriculture would be enough not to neglect them; however, as we will see, their biotechnological application is much broader. Far from intending to exhaust this issue, we present a short survey of the research involving actinomycetes and their applications published in the last 23 years. We highlight a perspective for the discovery of new active ingredients or new applications for the known metabolites of these microorganisms that, for approximately 80 years, since the discovery of streptomycin, have been the main source of antibiotics. Based on the collected data, we organize the text to show how the cosmopolitanism of actinomycetes and the evolutionary biotic and abiotic ecological relationships of actinomycetes translate into the expression of metabolites in the environment and the richness of biosynthetic gene clusters, many of which remain silenced in traditional laboratory cultures. We also present the main strategies used in the twenty-first century to promote the expression of these silenced genes and obtain new secondary metabolites from known or new strains. Many of these metabolites have biological activities relevant to medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology industries, including candidates for new drugs or drug models against infectious and non-infectious diseases. Below, we present significant examples of the antimicrobial spectrum of actinomycetes, which is the most commonly investigated and best known, as well as their non-antimicrobial spectrum, which is becoming better known and increasingly explored.

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放线菌在 21 世纪的生物技术潜力:简要回顾。
这篇简短的综述旨在提请人们注意放线菌的生物技术潜力。放线菌作为抗生素来源和在农业中的主要用途足以让我们忽视它们;然而,正如我们将看到的,它们在生物技术方面的应用要广泛得多。我们无意对这一问题进行详尽阐述,而是对过去 23 年中发表的涉及放线菌及其应用的研究成果做一个简短的回顾。自链霉素发现以来的大约 80 年间,这些微生物一直是抗生素的主要来源。根据收集到的数据,我们组织全文,说明放线菌的世界性以及放线菌进化的生物和非生物生态关系如何转化为环境中代谢物的表达和生物合成基因簇的丰富性,其中许多基因在传统的实验室培养物中仍然处于沉默状态。我们还介绍了二十一世纪用于促进这些沉默基因表达并从已知或新菌株中获得新的次级代谢物的主要策略。这些代谢物中的许多都具有与医药、农业和生物技术产业相关的生物活性,包括针对传染性和非传染性疾病的候选新药或药物模型。下面,我们将举例说明放线菌的抗菌谱(这是最常见的研究内容,也是最广为人知的内容),以及它们的非抗菌谱(这一内容正被越来越多的人所熟知和探索)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
11.50%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek publishes papers on fundamental and applied aspects of microbiology. Topics of particular interest include: taxonomy, structure & development; biochemistry & molecular biology; physiology & metabolic studies; genetics; ecological studies; especially molecular ecology; marine microbiology; medical microbiology; molecular biological aspects of microbial pathogenesis and bioinformatics.
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