An Approach to Assess the Impact of High Biaxial Photovoltaic Trackers on Crop Growth and Yield

Clémentine Inghels, P. Noirot-Cosson, Valentine Leroy, Thomas Kichey, Annie Guiller
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Abstract

The growing need for producing renewable energy such as photovoltaic electricity, and the mitigation of the increasing occurrences of heatwaves and drought affecting annual crops, could be addressed by the installation of agrivoltaic systems. Depending on pedoclimatic context, cultivated crop, solar panels technology and implementation configuration, solar panels shading can improve or reduce crop growth and yields. Among photovoltaic installations, solar trackers might have a high development potential. These photovoltaic panels are mounted on a vertical axis at a 7m height. Thanks to their height, their biaxial moving capacity, their small anchoring surface and their punctual structure making plants design easily adaptable to agricultural constraints, they can fit with all types of agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of such trackers on crop growth and yields. For this purpose, a set of 6 different fields crop located in western France were studied. Crop phenology, height and yield were investigated. Results showed a delay in crop development near the trackers that was overcome late in the crop cycle, near harvest. For crop height and crop yield, the results showed important spatial variability but without clear trend related to the tracker shadow. The results are discussed in the light of new perspectives, including the consideration of microclimatic and pedological data to better explore the effects of trackers on plant growth and development, the measurement of morphological and physiological traits of plants, the accounting of a multi-trackers effect implemented on the same site, the temporal dynamics of the effect of a tracker.
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评估高双轴光伏跟踪器对作物生长和产量影响的方法
光伏发电等可再生能源的生产需求日益增长,热浪和干旱对一年生作物的影响也日益严重,安装农业光伏系统可以缓解这一问题。根据不同的气候环境、种植作物、太阳能电池板技术和实施配置,太阳能电池板遮阳可改善或降低作物生长和产量。在光伏装置中,太阳能跟踪器可能具有很大的发展潜力。这些光伏板安装在 7 米高的垂直轴上。由于其高度、双轴移动能力、较小的锚固面和准时的结构,植物的设计很容易适应农业限制,因此它们可以与所有类型的农业系统相匹配。本研究的目的是评估这种跟踪器对作物生长和产量的影响。为此,我们对位于法国西部的 6 块不同田地的作物进行了研究。对作物物候、高度和产量进行了调查。结果表明,跟踪器附近的作物生长发育会出现延迟,但在作物周期的后期,即临近收获时,这种延迟会被克服。在作物高度和作物产量方面,结果显示出重要的空间变异性,但没有与跟踪器阴影相关的明显趋势。本文从新的角度讨论了这些结果,包括考虑小气候和土壤学数据以更好地探索跟踪器对植物生长和发育的影响、植物形态和生理特征的测量、在同一地点实施的多跟踪器效应的核算、跟踪器效应的时间动态。
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