Dielectric and structural properties of Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoferrites: sol–gel synthesis

Abstract

This study investigated the synthesis and analysis of Co–Zn nanoferrites, specifically Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄, using the sol–gel method. The morphological, structural, and electrical properties of these ferrites were explored. The Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrite was synthesized using metal nitrate reagents and ethylene glycol, followed by a series of heating and sintering processes. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline structure and phase purity, revealing a monophasic spinel structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed distinct grain agglomeration and porosity, indicating the material’s unique microstructure. Impedance measurements further characterized the optical and electrical properties. The electrical conductivity of Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ demonstrated a thermally activated conduction process, adhering to Jonscher’s universal power law. The complex impedance analysis revealed thermally activated behavior, confirming the presence of relaxation processes influenced by temperature. Nyquist plots indicated the contributions of grains, grain boundaries, and electrodes to the electrical behavior. The complex electrical modulus and dielectric studies provided insights into the dielectric characteristics, confirming high space charge polarization at grain boundaries and low dielectric loss. These findings suggested that Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ nanoferrites synthesized via the sol–gel method exhibited desirable electrical and structural properties, making them promising for various technological applications.

Graphical Abstract

Sol–gel synthesis steps for Co_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrite.