This study presents a novel approach to fabricate self-cleaning, superhydrophobic coatings on glass surfaces and photovoltaic cells. Using a cost-effective spray-coating technique, superhydrophobic glass surfaces were developed incorporating modified SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. Silylating agents, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOS), were used for the modification, resulting in enhanced surface roughness and hydrophobicity. The study extensively characterizes the analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Modified NPs with PFOS showed a significant improvement in hydrophobic properties, with water contact angles of 144.73° and sliding angles of 5°. The stability of these surfaces under various pH conditions was also evaluated. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of self-cleaning coatings for glass and photovoltaic cells, demonstrating the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in practical applications.
{"title":"Enhancing glass surface hydrophobicity: the role of Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane in advanced surface modification","authors":"Hossein Khojasteh, Mohammad-Peyman Mazhari, Kamran Heydaryan, Peyman Aspoukeh, Shahab Ahmadiazar, Samir Mustafa Hamad, Dilshad Shaikhah","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06593-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06593-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel approach to fabricate self-cleaning, superhydrophobic coatings on glass surfaces and photovoltaic cells. Using a cost-effective spray-coating technique, superhydrophobic glass surfaces were developed incorporating modified SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. Silylating agents, Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOS), were used for the modification, resulting in enhanced surface roughness and hydrophobicity. The study extensively characterizes the analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Modified NPs with PFOS showed a significant improvement in hydrophobic properties, with water contact angles of 144.73° and sliding angles of 5°. The stability of these surfaces under various pH conditions was also evaluated. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of self-cleaning coatings for glass and photovoltaic cells, demonstrating the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in practical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"857 - 869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06588-2
Kokkiligadda Jhansi, Parasuraman Swaminathan
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) possesses multifunctional properties pertaining to its unique crystal structure. This study presents a comprehensive investigation on the role of different chelating agents on the low temperature, sol-gel synthesis of bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles (NPs). The sol-gel process utilizes precursors (iron nitrate and bismuth nitrate), solvent (ethylene glycol), catalyst (nitric acid), and the chelating agent. In this work, different chelating agents, such as acetic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glycine (GLY), tartaric acid (TA), and urea are evaluated for their influence on the phase purity and morphological features of the synthesized BFO. The NPs are characterized using various techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Among all the chelating agents, TA is found to be the most suitable candidate for BFO synthesis. Pure BFO NPs of average crystallite size 20.8 nm, 24.8 m2/g surface area, and 1.91 eV optical bandgap are obtained after the calcination of the BFO-TA gel. The results are attributed to the easy gelation capability of TA due to the formation of a well-organized heterometallic polynuclear network during the gelation process. High magnetic saturation of 6.72 emu/g and squareness ratio of 0.26 of BFO-TA NPs implies a weak ferromagnetic nature. These results demonstrate a promising route to synthesize pure BFO, which given its multiferroic nature can be used for many applications.
{"title":"Role of chelating agents on the sol-gel synthesis of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles","authors":"Kokkiligadda Jhansi, Parasuraman Swaminathan","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06588-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06588-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO<sub>3</sub>) possesses multifunctional properties pertaining to its unique crystal structure. This study presents a comprehensive investigation on the role of different chelating agents on the low temperature, sol-gel synthesis of bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles (NPs). The sol-gel process utilizes precursors (iron nitrate and bismuth nitrate), solvent (ethylene glycol), catalyst (nitric acid), and the chelating agent. In this work, different chelating agents, such as acetic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glycine (GLY), tartaric acid (TA), and urea are evaluated for their influence on the phase purity and morphological features of the synthesized BFO. The NPs are characterized using various techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Among all the chelating agents, TA is found to be the most suitable candidate for BFO synthesis. Pure BFO NPs of average crystallite size 20.8 nm, 24.8 m<sup>2</sup>/g surface area, and 1.91 eV optical bandgap are obtained after the calcination of the BFO-TA gel. The results are attributed to the easy gelation capability of TA due to the formation of a well-organized heterometallic polynuclear network during the gelation process. High magnetic saturation of 6.72 emu/g and squareness ratio of 0.26 of BFO-TA NPs implies a weak ferromagnetic nature. These results demonstrate a promising route to synthesize pure BFO, which given its multiferroic nature can be used for many applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"846 - 856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06568-6
Firas Salim Abed, Lamia K. Abbas
In this study, some physical properties of BSCCO superconductors have been investigated. The effects of Ba substitution in Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2-yBayCa2Cu3O10+δ superconductor synthesized by the sol-gel method on the structural, thermal, and superconducting properties were identified. X-ray diffraction patterns display the dominant Bi-2223 high-temperature phase (HTP) mixed with the Bi-2212 low-temperature phase (LTP) in all samples. Variations in lattice parameters (a, b and c) significantly affect sample properties such as lattice volume, c/a ratio, and molecular weight (w). The highest percentage of HTP% appeared at y = 0.1 Ba content. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) displays the formation of rod-like structures with nanoscale lengths. The Ba substitution ratio significantly determines the lattice dimension and oxygen content, affecting the prepared superconductor’s transition temperature (Tc). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) show the changes in mass loss and shifting in decomposition temperatures correlated with the Ba substitution rate. The optimal ratio of Ba was at y = 0.1, which exhibits the highest HTP percentage of 73.07% and the highest Tc of 113.5 K, suggesting improved superconducting properties.
Graphical Abstract
本研究对 BSCCO 超导材料的一些物理性质进行了研究。确定了溶胶-凝胶法合成的 Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2-yBayCa2Cu3O10+δ 超导材料中 Ba 取代对结构、热和超导特性的影响。X 射线衍射图样显示，在所有样品中，Bi-2223 高温相（HTP）与 Bi-2212 低温相（LTP）混合占主导地位。晶格参数（a、b 和 c）的变化会显著影响样品的特性，如晶格体积、c/a 比和分子量（w）。当钡含量为 y = 0.1 时，HTP 百分比最高。透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示形成了具有纳米级长度的棒状结构。钡的替代率在很大程度上决定了晶格尺寸和氧含量，从而影响制备的超导体的转变温度（Tc）。热重分析（TGA）和差热分析（DTA）表明，质量损失的变化和分解温度的变化与钡的取代率有关。钡的最佳比例为 y = 0.1，表现出最高的 HTP 百分比（73.07%）和最高的 Tc（113.5 K），表明超导特性得到了改善。
{"title":"Structural, electrical, and thermal properties of Ba-substituted B(Pb)SCCO superconductors prepared by sol-gel method","authors":"Firas Salim Abed, Lamia K. Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06568-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06568-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, some physical properties of BSCCO superconductors have been investigated. The effects of Ba substitution in Bi<sub>1.7</sub>Pb<sub>0.3</sub>Sr<sub>2-y</sub>Ba<sub>y</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10+δ</sub> superconductor synthesized by the sol-gel method on the structural, thermal, and superconducting properties were identified. X-ray diffraction patterns display the dominant Bi-2223 high-temperature phase (HTP) mixed with the Bi-2212 low-temperature phase (LTP) in all samples. Variations in lattice parameters (<i>a, b</i> and <i>c</i>) significantly affect sample properties such as lattice volume, <i>c/a</i> ratio, and molecular weight (w). The highest percentage of HTP% appeared at y = 0.1 Ba content. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) displays the formation of rod-like structures with nanoscale lengths. The Ba substitution ratio significantly determines the lattice dimension and oxygen content, affecting the prepared superconductor’s transition temperature (Tc). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) show the changes in mass loss and shifting in decomposition temperatures correlated with the Ba substitution rate. The optimal ratio of Ba was at y = 0.1, which exhibits the highest HTP percentage of 73.07% and the highest <i>T</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> of 113.5 K, suggesting improved superconducting properties.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"837 - 845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06560-0
Mishkat Majeed, Abdelaziz Gassoumi, Saeed D. Khan, Khursheed Ahmad, Aman M. Aslam Hanaish
A crucial aspect of an oxygen evolution reaction is the improvement of electrocatalysts in an alkaline solution. Owing to their highly intrinsic activity and porous nature, perovskites (ABO3) served as potential catalysts for OER. Transition-metal-oxides such as SrO2, MnO2, FeO, Co3O4 and NiO are considered potential catalysts for OER; strontium and manganese base oxides are efficient and have low cost. These catalysts have gained massive attention because of their structure, morphology and polyvalency. Herein, the crystalline perovskite SrMnO3-rGO was fabricated using the hydrothermal method and analyzed using different physical and electrochemical characterizations. Different physical techniques were applied to study crystal structure, morphology and lattice vibration. The scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the homogeneous and small-sized structure of pristine SrMnO3 and SrMnO3-rGO composite. Moreover, composite showed a greater surface area (68 m2 g−1) according to the Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis. Then, the developed material was observed to determine stability, Tafel slope and overpotential. Further, the electrochemical characteristics of nickel foam (NF) are also analyzed which displays an overpotential of 378 mV and a Tafel value (80 mV dec−1). In comparison, the prepared SrMnO3-rGO composite showed an overpotential (198 mV) at standard current density (10 mA cm−2) and Tafel plot (37 mV dec−1) with higher durability (30 hours) at 4000th CV cycles. EIS was used to analyze the material’s resistance, which showed minimum Rct (0.3 Ω) for composite. The present study expands perovskite-oxides with rGO performance as a catalyst, making it highly efficient for OER electrocatalysts. It can be applied at an industrial scale in the future.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterizations of SrMnO3 with rGO nanosheets (SMO-rGO) in energy-related applications","authors":"Mishkat Majeed, Abdelaziz Gassoumi, Saeed D. Khan, Khursheed Ahmad, Aman M. Aslam Hanaish","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06560-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06560-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A crucial aspect of an oxygen evolution reaction is the improvement of electrocatalysts in an alkaline solution. Owing to their highly intrinsic activity and porous nature, perovskites (ABO<sub>3</sub>) served as potential catalysts for OER. Transition-metal-oxides such as SrO<sub>2</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub>, FeO, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NiO are considered potential catalysts for OER; strontium and manganese base oxides are efficient and have low cost. These catalysts have gained massive attention because of their structure, morphology and polyvalency. Herein, the crystalline perovskite SrMnO<sub>3</sub>-rGO was fabricated using the hydrothermal method and analyzed using different physical and electrochemical characterizations. Different physical techniques were applied to study crystal structure, morphology and lattice vibration. The scanning electron microscopic analysis confirmed the homogeneous and small-sized structure of pristine SrMnO<sub>3</sub> and SrMnO<sub>3</sub>-rGO composite. Moreover, composite showed a greater surface area (68 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) according to the Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis. Then, the developed material was observed to determine stability, Tafel slope and overpotential. Further, the electrochemical characteristics of nickel foam (NF) are also analyzed which displays an overpotential of 378 mV and a Tafel value (80 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>). In comparison, the prepared SrMnO<sub>3</sub>-rGO composite showed an overpotential (198 mV) at standard current density (10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) and Tafel plot (37 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>) with higher durability (30 hours) at 4000<sup>th</sup> CV cycles. EIS was used to analyze the material’s resistance, which showed minimum R<sub>ct</sub> (0.3 Ω) for composite. The present study expands perovskite-oxides with rGO performance as a catalyst, making it highly efficient for OER electrocatalysts. It can be applied at an industrial scale in the future.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"826 - 836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06586-4
Wenjie Hu, Ce Zhang, Nini Li, Shengli Wu, Yao Xu
Zirconia coating has a lot of promise when it comes to enhancing the optical performance and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the mirror in laser systems. In this work, a high LIDT ZrO2 coating was created using the sol-gel spin coating technique. The anhydrous ethanol solvent was substituted with alcohol ether solvent, and the spin coating technique was employed to achieve a macro homogeneous and flawless ZrO2 coating. Additionally, organic polymer polyethylene glycol (average Mn 200, PEG200) doping was used to achieve the uniform ZrO2 coating with LIDT. ZrO2-PEG composite coatings with consistent LIDT and exceptional optical properties were created. Alcohol ether solvents helped the sol produce a more homogeneous gel coating on the substrate, as demonstrated by the ZrO2 coating microscope pictures. The LIDT with a 0.5 wt.% PEG200 content was the most uniform. PEG200 organic molecules were able to alter the link state of the ZrO2 particles. The macroscopic mechanical characteristics of the coatings revealed that the hardness and elastic modulus of the ZrO2-PEG composite coating were mostly influenced by the PEG200 content. When the PEG200 content was 0.3 wt.%, the hardness and elastic modulus of the ZrO2-PEG composite coating were the lowest with the highest of the LIDT at 39.25 ± 3.13 J/cm2 (@ 1064 nm, 11 ns, 1 mm2).
{"title":"Enhanced uniformity of zirconia coating for high power lasers via solvent replacement and PEG-doping","authors":"Wenjie Hu, Ce Zhang, Nini Li, Shengli Wu, Yao Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06586-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06586-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zirconia coating has a lot of promise when it comes to enhancing the optical performance and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the mirror in laser systems. In this work, a high LIDT ZrO<sub>2</sub> coating was created using the sol-gel spin coating technique. The anhydrous ethanol solvent was substituted with alcohol ether solvent, and the spin coating technique was employed to achieve a macro homogeneous and flawless ZrO<sub>2</sub> coating. Additionally, organic polymer polyethylene glycol (average Mn 200, PEG200) doping was used to achieve the uniform ZrO<sub>2</sub> coating with LIDT. ZrO<sub>2</sub>-PEG composite coatings with consistent LIDT and exceptional optical properties were created. Alcohol ether solvents helped the sol produce a more homogeneous gel coating on the substrate, as demonstrated by the ZrO<sub>2</sub> coating microscope pictures. The LIDT with a 0.5 wt.% PEG200 content was the most uniform. PEG200 organic molecules were able to alter the link state of the ZrO<sub>2</sub> particles. The macroscopic mechanical characteristics of the coatings revealed that the hardness and elastic modulus of the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-PEG composite coating were mostly influenced by the PEG200 content. When the PEG200 content was 0.3 wt.%, the hardness and elastic modulus of the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-PEG composite coating were the lowest with the highest of the LIDT at 39.25 ± 3.13 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (@ 1064 nm, 11 ns, 1 mm<sup>2</sup>).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"790 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06582-8
Asad Ullah, Wasif ur Rehman, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan, N. S. Abd EL-Gawaad
Lead-free halide double perovskites (LFHDPs) based on Cs2AgBiBr6 are a good replacement for traditional lead-based LBPs due to their chemical stability and lack of toxicity. Double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6-based solar cells have limited efficiency due to a large band gap, suggesting polyfluorene (PF) replacement as a workable solution to enhance their optical and photovoltaic characteristics. PF incorporation-induced crystal structural changes, as demonstrated by peak position shifts in X-ray diffraction. The UV–Vis spectroscopy, and solar simulator tests, were used to study the effect of PF on Cs2AgBiBr6. Optical examination reveals a decrease in Eg, leading to improved light absorption in the visible spectrum. By adding PF to their lattices, we effectively give the weakly luminous Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite robust red luminescence. The Cs2Ag0.95PF0.05BiBr6 solar cell has demonstrated a notable enhancement in performance. In that order, its enhanced fill factor, short-circuit current, and open-circuit voltage are 0.81, 5.73 mA cm−2, and 0.93 V. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) has improved from 3.75% to 4.26%. About 13.60% of efficiency is increased by PF incorporation. The study identifies Cs2Ag0.95PF0.05BiBr6 as a high-performance material for solar applications and addresses issues with film formation. Our objective is to advance environmentally friendly solar technologies by enhancing efficiency, with future research focusing on interfacial engineering, specifically optimizing electron and hole transport layers.
{"title":"Polyfluorene incorporation for superior performance and band gap reduction: enhancing Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells","authors":"Asad Ullah, Wasif ur Rehman, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan, N. S. Abd EL-Gawaad","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06582-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06582-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead-free halide double perovskites (LFHDPs) based on Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> are a good replacement for traditional lead-based LBPs due to their chemical stability and lack of toxicity. Double perovskite Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub>-based solar cells have limited efficiency due to a large band gap, suggesting polyfluorene (PF) replacement as a workable solution to enhance their optical and photovoltaic characteristics. PF incorporation-induced crystal structural changes, as demonstrated by peak position shifts in X-ray diffraction. The UV–Vis spectroscopy, and solar simulator tests, were used to study the effect of PF on Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub>. Optical examination reveals a decrease in <i>E</i><sub>g</sub>, leading to improved light absorption in the visible spectrum. By adding PF to their lattices, we effectively give the weakly luminous Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> double perovskite robust red luminescence. The Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.95</sub>PF<sub>0.05</sub>BiBr<sub>6</sub> solar cell has demonstrated a notable enhancement in performance. In that order, its enhanced fill factor, short-circuit current, and open-circuit voltage are 0.81, 5.73 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, and 0.93 V. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) has improved from 3.75% to 4.26%. About 13.60% of efficiency is increased by PF incorporation. The study identifies Cs<sub>2</sub>Ag<sub>0.95</sub>PF<sub>0.05</sub>BiBr<sub>6</sub> as a high-performance material for solar applications and addresses issues with film formation. Our objective is to advance environmentally friendly solar technologies by enhancing efficiency, with future research focusing on interfacial engineering, specifically optimizing electron and hole transport layers.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"814 - 825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06590-8
Mudasir Mahmood, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Jamshaid, Ambreen Kalsoom, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Rashid Iqbal, Firdous Bibi, Qasim Raza, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
The hospital wastewater is major contributor to pharmaceutical contaminants, particularly antibiotic like tetracycline. Tetracycline is often found as a pollutant in water bodies, primarily due to its improper disposal and excretion through human and animal waste. This wastewater poses serious environmental and health risks. We synthesized a novel composite material M type lead hexaferrites/g-carbon nitride (PbFe12O19/g-C3N4) to address this alarming issue. The combine effect of lead hexaferrite with graphitic-C3N4, aiming to enhance the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The characterization of the synthesized composite was conducted using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared radiation spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic output of the samples was evaluated under sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrated superior removal efficiency of tetracycline up to 90% in only 60 min compared to individual components. This work highlights the potential of PbFe12O19/g-C3N4 composites as effective photocatalysts for treating pharmaceutical contaminants especially tetracycline in wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
医院废水是药物污染物的主要来源，尤其是四环素等抗生素。四环素经常作为污染物出现在水体中，这主要是由于其通过人类和动物排泄物的不当处置和排泄造成的。这种废水对环境和健康构成严重威胁。为了解决这一令人担忧的问题，我们合成了一种新型复合材料 M 型六价铁铅/氮化碳（PbFe12O19/g-C3N4）。六价铁铅与石墨化-C3N4的结合效应旨在增强四环素（TC）的降解。利用 X 射线衍射光谱（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和紫外-可见光谱对合成的复合材料进行了表征。在阳光照射下，对样品的光催化输出进行了评估。结果表明，与单个成分相比，仅在 60 分钟内四环素的去除率就高达 90%。这项工作凸显了 PbFe12O19/g-C3N4 复合材料作为有效光催化剂处理制药污染物（尤其是废水中的四环素）的潜力。
{"title":"Efficient tetracycline removal from hospital wastewater using visible light active M-type lead hexaferrite/g-C3N4 composites","authors":"Mudasir Mahmood, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Jamshaid, Ambreen Kalsoom, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Rashid Iqbal, Firdous Bibi, Qasim Raza, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06590-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06590-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hospital wastewater is major contributor to pharmaceutical contaminants, particularly antibiotic like tetracycline. Tetracycline is often found as a pollutant in water bodies, primarily due to its improper disposal and excretion through human and animal waste. This wastewater poses serious environmental and health risks. We synthesized a novel composite material M type lead hexaferrites/g-carbon nitride (PbFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) to address this alarming issue. The combine effect of lead hexaferrite with graphitic-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, aiming to enhance the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The characterization of the synthesized composite was conducted using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared radiation spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photocatalytic output of the samples was evaluated under sunlight irradiation. The results demonstrated superior removal efficiency of tetracycline up to 90% in only 60 min compared to individual components. This work highlights the potential of PbFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> composites as effective photocatalysts for treating pharmaceutical contaminants especially tetracycline in wastewater.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"801 - 813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06561-z
Arooj Fatima, Albandari W. Alrowaily, Haifa A. Alyousef, B. M. Alotaibi, A. Dahshan
Transition metal chalcogenides are potentially better than electrocatalysts for the OER electrolysis that contain rare earth metals. Still, they have not yet developed to a catalytic performance level that would enable widespread adoption. To attain high-efficiency OER, it is imperative to create logical designs for electrocatalysts based upon transition metals on showing polymer substrate. Here, we discuss the sonication fabrication and extraordinary catalytic activity of MoS2/g-CN in alkaline media as an OER electrocatalyst. Various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to evaluate the structure, surface characteristics and morphology. Conversely, the MoS2/g-CN electrode’s higher specific SA, outstanding conductivity and very porous framework in 1 M alkaline KOH led to superior OER campaign (overpotential 203 mV with Tafel slope 36 mV/dec). It showed increased OER activity by maintaining high stability for about 35 h. Our results suggest that graphitic carbon nitride can produce steady and sustainable energy and that transition metal chalcogenides with specific morphologies can improve electrocatalytic efficacy. Because of the distinct crystal phase-linked electrical properties, this discovery provides a fresh perspective for potential applications.
Graphical Abstract
与含有稀土金属的 OER 电解电催化剂相比，过渡金属钙化物具有更好的潜力。不过，它们的催化性能尚未发展到可以广泛采用的水平。要实现高效的 OER，必须在显示聚合物基底的过渡金属基础上设计出合理的电催化剂。在此，我们讨论了在碱性介质中作为 OER 电催化剂的 MoS2/g-CN 的超声制造和非凡催化活性。我们采用了 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 等多种技术来评估其结构、表面特征和形态。相反，MoS2/g-CN 电极在 1 M 碱性 KOH 溶液中具有更高的比表面积、出色的导电性和多孔框架，因而具有出色的 OER 活性（过电位 203 mV，Tafel 斜率 36 mV/dec）。我们的研究结果表明，氮化石墨碳可以产生稳定、可持续的能量，而具有特定形态的过渡金属卤化物可以提高电催化活性。由于其独特的晶体相联电学特性，这一发现为其潜在应用提供了一个全新的视角。
{"title":"Novel molybdenum sulfide-decorated graphitic carbon nitride nanohybrid for enhanced electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Arooj Fatima, Albandari W. Alrowaily, Haifa A. Alyousef, B. M. Alotaibi, A. Dahshan","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06561-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06561-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal chalcogenides are potentially better than electrocatalysts for the OER electrolysis that contain rare earth metals. Still, they have not yet developed to a catalytic performance level that would enable widespread adoption. To attain high-efficiency OER, it is imperative to create logical designs for electrocatalysts based upon transition metals on showing polymer substrate. Here, we discuss the sonication fabrication and extraordinary catalytic activity of MoS<sub>2</sub>/g-CN in alkaline media as an OER electrocatalyst. Various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to evaluate the structure, surface characteristics and morphology. Conversely, the MoS<sub>2</sub>/g-CN electrode’s higher specific SA, outstanding conductivity and very porous framework in 1 M alkaline KOH led to superior OER campaign (overpotential 203 mV with Tafel slope 36 mV/dec). It showed increased OER activity by maintaining high stability for about 35 h. Our results suggest that graphitic carbon nitride can produce steady and sustainable energy and that transition metal chalcogenides with specific morphologies can improve electrocatalytic efficacy. Because of the distinct crystal phase-linked electrical properties, this discovery provides a fresh perspective for potential applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"776 - 789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06572-w
K. Steffens, D. Bialuschewski, B. Milow
Organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels can be made of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS, CH3Si(OCH3)3) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS, Si(OCH3)2(CH3)2) in a typical sol-gel process yielding flexible and hydrophobic structures. In this work, MTMS and DMDMS were condensed with an increasing amount of water, leading to a decrease in the final materials density from ∼ 0.110 g cm−3 down to ∼0.066 g cm−3. The gels were synthesized in a one-pot synthesis and dried under ambient pressure conditions at 80 °C. While the topology of the network remained intact, the size of secondary particles decreased from roughly 8.2 to 3.3 μm. The inter-particle neck thickness remained unaffected with increasing aging time for higher dilutions. The measured thermal conductivities were all in similar range (∼ 32.5 mW (m K)−1 at 25 °C), showing very good insulation characteristics. In general, higher diluted samples exhibited increasing softness and decreasing Young’s modulus, even with increased aging times. Overall, our optimized recipe leads to hydrophobic aerogels with ultralow densities while demonstrating very low thermal conductivity and a flexible mechanical performance.
Graphical Abstract
有机-无机混合二氧化硅气凝胶可由甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS，CH3Si(OCH3)3）和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷（DMDMS，Si(OCH3)2(CH3)2）通过典型的溶胶-凝胶工艺制成，具有柔性和疏水性结构。在这项工作中，MTMS 和 DMDMS 与越来越多的水发生了凝结，导致最终材料密度从 ∼ 0.110 g cm-3 降低到 ∼ 0.066 g cm-3。凝胶是通过一锅合成法合成的，并在 80 °C 的常压条件下干燥。虽然网络的拓扑结构保持不变，但次级粒子的尺寸从大约 8.2 μm 减小到 3.3 μm。对于较高的稀释度，随着老化时间的延长，颗粒间的颈部厚度保持不变。测得的热导率都在相似的范围内（25 °C时为 32.5 mW (m K)-1），显示出非常好的绝缘特性。一般来说，稀释度越高的样品软度越大，杨氏模量越小，即使老化时间延长也是如此。总之，我们的优化配方可制成密度超低的疏水气凝胶，同时具有极低的热导率和灵活的机械性能。
{"title":"“Tuning density and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels through precursor dilution for lightweight applications”","authors":"K. Steffens, D. Bialuschewski, B. Milow","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06572-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06572-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic-inorganic hybrid-silica aerogels can be made of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS, CH<sub>3</sub>Si(OCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS, Si(OCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) in a typical sol-gel process yielding flexible and hydrophobic structures. In this work, MTMS and DMDMS were condensed with an increasing amount of water, leading to a decrease in the final materials density from ∼ 0.110 g cm<sup>−3</sup> down to ∼0.066 g cm<sup>−3</sup>. The gels were synthesized in a one-pot synthesis and dried under ambient pressure conditions at 80 °C. While the topology of the network remained intact, the size of secondary particles decreased from roughly 8.2 to 3.3 μm. The inter-particle neck thickness remained unaffected with increasing aging time for higher dilutions. The measured thermal conductivities were all in similar range (∼ 32.5 mW (m K)<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C), showing very good insulation characteristics. In general, higher diluted samples exhibited increasing softness and decreasing Young’s modulus, even with increased aging times. Overall, our optimized recipe leads to hydrophobic aerogels with ultralow densities while demonstrating very low thermal conductivity and a flexible mechanical performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"768 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06572-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06578-4
Abdelatif Aouadi, Djamila Hamada Saoud, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abdelhak Achouri, Abdelmalek Zaater, Fahad Alharthi, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Hamdi Ali Mohammed, Gamil Gamal Hasan, Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah
A study was conducted to explore the potential of using chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp shells, a bioorganic waste product, as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanocomposites (Cs-Ag NC). The objective of the study was to develop a simpler, faster, and more environmentally friendly method for producing Cs-Ag NC. The synthesized Cs-Ag NC was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings revealed that the Cs-Ag NC exhibited a crystalline structure, was coated with CS components, and had a spherical shape with an average diameter of approximately 20 nm. Under optimal conditions, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 value of 1.65 mg/mL, substantial free radical scavenging activity against 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) with an IC50 value of 2.8 mg/mL, and notable anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the Cs-Ag NC exhibited significant antibacterial activity against several pathogenic strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on these findings, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC possess promising potential as therapeutic drugs for antioxidant and antibacterial applications.
{"title":"Valorizing shrimp shell chitosan: a versatile biomaterial for fabricating effective antibacterial and antioxidant silver nanoparticles","authors":"Abdelatif Aouadi, Djamila Hamada Saoud, Abdelkrim Rebiai, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abdelhak Achouri, Abdelmalek Zaater, Fahad Alharthi, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Hamdi Ali Mohammed, Gamil Gamal Hasan, Johar Amin Ahmed Abdullah","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06578-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06578-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study was conducted to explore the potential of using chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp shells, a bioorganic waste product, as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanocomposites (Cs-Ag NC). The objective of the study was to develop a simpler, faster, and more environmentally friendly method for producing Cs-Ag NC. The synthesized Cs-Ag NC was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings revealed that the Cs-Ag NC exhibited a crystalline structure, was coated with CS components, and had a spherical shape with an average diameter of approximately 20 nm. Under optimal conditions, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity against <i>2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl</i> (DPPH) with an IC50 value of 1.65 mg/mL, substantial free radical scavenging activity against 2,2’-azino-bis(<i>3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid</i>) (ABTS) with an IC50 value of 2.8 mg/mL, and notable anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the Cs-Ag NC exhibited significant antibacterial activity against several pathogenic strains, including <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Based on these findings, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC possess promising potential as therapeutic drugs for antioxidant and antibacterial applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"112 3","pages":"752 - 767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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