Differential expression of steroid-related genes across electrosensory brain regions in two sexually dimorphic species of electric knifefish

IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM General and comparative endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI:10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114549
Megan K. Freiler , Mikayla L. Deckard , Melissa R. Proffitt , G. Troy Smith
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Abstract

The production of communication signals can be modulated by hormones acting on the brain regions that regulate these signals. However, less is known about how signal perception is regulated by hormones. The electrocommunication signals of weakly electric fishes are sexually dimorphic, sensitive to hormones, and vary across species. The neural circuits that regulate the production and perception of these signals are also well-characterized, and electric fishes are thus an excellent model to examine the neuroendocrine regulation of sensorimotor mechanisms of communication. We investigated (1) whether steroid-related genes are expressed in sensory brain regions that process communication signals; and (2) whether this expression differs across sexes and species that have different patterns of sexual dimorphism in their signals. Apteronotus leptorhynchus and Apteronotus albifrons produce continuous electric organ discharges (EODs) that are used for communication. Two brain regions, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) and the dorsal torus semicircularis (TSd), process inputs from electroreceptors to allow fish to detect and discriminate electrocommunication signals. We used qPCR to quantify the expression of genes for two androgen receptors (ar1, ar2), two estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2b), and aromatase (cyp19a1b). Four out of five steroid-related genes were expressed in both sensory brain regions, and their expression often varied between sexes and species. These results suggest that expression of steroid-related genes in the brain may differentially influence how EOD signals are encoded across species and sexes, and that gonadal steroids may coordinately regulate central circuits that control both the production and perception of EODs.

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两种性双态电刀鱼脑电感区类固醇相关基因的差异表达
荷尔蒙作用于调节通信信号的脑区,可以调节通信信号的产生。然而,人们对激素如何调节信号感知知之甚少。弱电鱼类的电通讯信号具有性双态性,对激素敏感,并且在不同物种之间存在差异。调控这些信号的产生和感知的神经回路也有很好的表征,因此电鱼是研究神经内分泌调控感觉运动交流机制的绝佳模型。我们研究了:(1) 类固醇相关基因是否在处理交流信号的感觉脑区表达;(2) 这种表达在不同性别和物种之间是否存在差异,因为不同物种的信号具有不同的性二态模式。飞龙(Apteronotus leptorhynchus)和飞龙(Apteronotus albifrons)会产生用于交流的连续电器官放电(EODs)。电感觉侧线叶(ELL)和背侧半环状环(TSd)这两个脑区处理来自电感受器的输入,使鱼类能够检测和分辨电通讯信号。我们使用 qPCR 对两种雄激素受体(ar1、ar2)、两种雌激素受体(esr1、esr2b)和芳香化酶(cyp19a1b)基因的表达进行了量化。五个类固醇相关基因中有四个在两个感官脑区都有表达,而且它们的表达往往因性别和物种而异。这些结果表明,类固醇相关基因在大脑中的表达可能会对不同物种和性别的 EOD 信号编码方式产生不同影响,而且性腺类固醇可能会协调调节控制 EOD 生成和感知的中枢回路。
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来源期刊
General and comparative endocrinology
General and comparative endocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
7.40%
发文量
120
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: General and Comparative Endocrinology publishes articles concerned with the many complexities of vertebrate and invertebrate endocrine systems at the sub-molecular, molecular, cellular and organismal levels of analysis.
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