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Differential activation of six galanin receptors by the spexin peptide in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) 黄尾鰤鱼(Seriola lalandi)体内的六种加兰宁受体受spexin肽的不同激活作用。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114629
Spexin (SPX1) is a novel neuropeptide composed of 14 amino acids and well conserved across vertebrates, and it has been implicated in various physiological functions via galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) and GALR3. However, the detailed signaling pathways mediating its actions in target cells are still largely unknown. Accordingly, we addressed this issue in the present study using yellowtail kingfish as a model. SPX1 significantly increased CRE-luc activity in COS-7 cells expressing its cognate receptors GALR2a and GALR2b, and this stimulatory effect was attenuated by two inhibitors of the PKA pathway. Similarly, an evident induction of SRE-luc activity was observed when COS-7 cells transfected with GALR1b, GALR2a, GALR2b, GALR type 1, or GALR type 2 were challenged with SPX1, and two blockers of the PKC pathway suppressed this stimulatory action. Moreover, SPX1 markedly elevated NFAT-RE-luc activity in COS-7 cells expressing GALR1a, GALR2a, or GALR2b, and this promotion was inhibited by two antagonists of the Ca2+ route. Overall, our results have revealed that activation of six yellowtail kingfish galanin receptors by the SPX1 peptide may occur with different downstream signaling events, which could account for its pleotropic functions.
Spexin(SPX1)是一种新型神经肽,由 14 个氨基酸组成,在脊椎动物中非常保守,它通过加兰宁受体 2(GALR2)和 GALR3 参与多种生理功能。然而,介导其在靶细胞中作用的详细信号通路在很大程度上仍然未知。因此,我们在本研究中以大黄鱼为模型探讨了这一问题。在表达其同源受体 GALR2a 和 GALR2b 的 COS-7 中,SPX1 能明显提高 CRE-luc 的活性,而两种 PKA 通路抑制剂能减弱这种刺激作用。同样,当转染了 GALR1b、GALR2a、GALR2b、GALR 1 型或 GALR 2 型的 COS-7 细胞受到 SPX1 的挑战时,也观察到了明显的诱导 SRE-luc 活性的作用,而两种 PKC 通路阻断剂抑制了这种刺激作用。此外,在表达 GALR1a、GALR2a 或 GALR2b 的 COS-7 细胞中,SPX1 明显提高了 NFAT-RE-luc 的活性,而两种 Ca2+ 途径拮抗剂抑制了这种促进作用。总之,我们的研究结果表明,SPX1 多肽激活六种黄尾鰤鱼伽兰宁受体可能会发生不同的下游信号事件,这可能是其具有多种功能的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Identification, expression, and function analysis of Rbpms2 splicing variants in Japanese flounder gonad 日本比目鱼性腺中 Rbpms2 剪接变体的鉴定、表达和功能分析
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114628
Rbpms2, an RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (Rbpms), can interact with RNAs to involve oocyte development, thereby influencing female sex differentiation in vertebrates. Here, two splicing variants of the Rbpms2 gene from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were identified, namely Rbpms2.1 and Rbpms2.2. The two variants exhibited 98.22 % amino acid homology, both featuring an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain spanning positions 98–170 amino acids. They were relatively conserved throughout phylogenetic evolution. Differently, the C-terminal region of the Rbpms2.1 contains five additional sequential amino acids (–VRDQP–) compared to Rbpms2.2. The real-time qPCR results demonstrated that Rbpms2.1 and Rbpms2.2 had relatively abundant expression in the gonads of adult Japanese flounder, with higher expression levels in the ovary compared to the testis (P < 0.05). In situ hybridization results showed strong positive expression of Rbpms2 mRNA in oocytes at stages I-III during the V stage of ovarian development. In the testis at stage IV, the expression of Rbpms2 mRNA was mainly concentrated on primary spermatocytes. Importantly, Rbpms2 binding sites were found in the 3′UTR, 5′UTR, and ORF regions of the sex-related genes including dmrt1, sox9, amh, foxl2, and wnt4. siRNA interference and overexpression analysis of Rbpms2.1 and Rbpms2.2 in primary cells of the ovary and testis showed that Rbpms2 can repress the expression of male-related genes (dmrt1, sox9, and amh) and significantly promote the expression of female-related genes (foxl2 and wnt4). Our results revealed that Rbpms2 may play a critical role by targeting the sex-related genes in the gonad development of Japanese flounder.
Rbpms2是一种具有多重剪接的RNA结合蛋白(Rbpms),可与RNA相互作用,参与卵母细胞的发育,从而影响脊椎动物的雌性性别分化。本文鉴定了日本鲽(Paralichthys olivaceus)Rbpms2基因的两个剪接变体,即Rbpms2.1和Rbpms2.2。这两个变体的氨基酸同源性为 98.22%,都具有一个横跨 98-170 位氨基酸的 RNA 识别基序(RRM)结构域。它们在整个系统进化过程中相对保守。不同的是,与 Rbpms2.2 相比,Rbpms2.1 的 C 端区域多了五个序列氨基酸(-VRDQP-)。实时 qPCR 结果表明,Rbpms2.1 和 Rbpms2.2 在成年日本鲽性腺中的表达量相对较高,卵巢中的表达量高于睾丸(P < 0.05)。原位杂交结果显示,在卵巢发育的第五阶段,Rbpms2 mRNA在Ⅰ-Ⅲ期的卵母细胞中有较强的阳性表达。在睾丸的第 IV 阶段,Rbpms2 mRNA 的表达主要集中在初级精母细胞上。重要的是,在性相关基因(包括 dmrt1、sox9、amh、foxl2 和 wnt4)的 3′UTR、5′UTR 和 ORF 区域发现了 Rbpms2 的结合位点。2在卵巢和睾丸原代细胞中的过表达分析表明,Rbpms2能抑制雄性相关基因(dmrt1、sox9和amh)的表达,并显著促进雌性相关基因(foxl2和wnt4)的表达。我们的研究结果表明,Rbpms2可能在日本鲽性腺发育过程中通过靶向性相关基因发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Fat mass and obesity associated gene and homeobox transcription factor iriquois-3 mRNA profiles in the metabolic tissues of zebrafish are modulated by feeding and food deprivation. 斑马鱼代谢组织中的脂肪量和肥胖相关基因及同源转录因子iriquois-3 mRNA谱系受摄食和食物剥夺的调节。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114621
Katayoon Karimzadeh, Chinelo Uju, Asgar Zahmatkesh, Suraj Unniappan

Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has been strongly associated with obesity, and it is functionally linked to the homeobox transcription factor iriquois-3 (IRX3). In mammals, FTO and IRX3 are involved in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. This study aimed to determine whether FTO and IRX3are affected by feeding and food unavailability. FTO and IRX3 mRNA and protein were found widely distributed in all tissues examined, including the brain, muscle, gut, and liver. Postprandial increase in the abundance of FTO and IRX3 mRNAs was observed in metabolic tissues of both male and female zebrafish at 1 h post-feeding. Meanwhile, their expression in the brain and gut decreased at 3 h post-feeding, reaching preprandial levels. Additionally, FTO and IRX3 mRNA abundance in examined tissues increased after 7 days of food deprivation, but substantially decreased after refeeding for 24 h. In summary, we report that both FTO and IRX3 are meal-sensitive genes in zebrafish. The fasting-induced increase suggests a possible appetite regulatory role for FTO and IRX3 in zebrafish. These findings highlight the importance of FTO and IRX3 in appetite and metabolic regulation in zebrafish.

脂肪量和肥胖相关基因(FTO)与肥胖密切相关,它与同源转录因子iriquois-3(IRX3)有功能上的联系。在哺乳动物中,FTO 和 IRX3 参与食物摄入和新陈代谢的调节。本研究旨在确定 FTO 和 IRX3 是否会受到进食和食物不可获性的影响。FTO和IRX3 mRNA和蛋白质广泛分布于所有受检组织,包括大脑、肌肉、肠道和肝脏。进食后1小时,在雌雄斑马鱼的代谢组织中观察到餐后FTO和IRX3 mRNA丰度的增加。同时,它们在大脑和肠道中的表达量在喂食后 3 小时下降,达到餐前水平。此外,在断食 7 天后,FTO 和 IRX3 mRNA 在受检组织中的丰度增加,但在进食 24 小时后则大幅下降。综上所述,我们发现 FTO 和 IRX3 都是斑马鱼的进食敏感基因。空腹诱导的增加表明 FTO 和 IRX3 在斑马鱼中可能具有食欲调节作用。这些发现突显了 FTO 和 IRX3 在斑马鱼食欲和代谢调节中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization and stage-dependent gene expression of gonadotropin receptors in Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, ovarian follicles 太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼卵泡中促性腺激素受体的分子特征和阶段性基因表达。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114620
To understand the physiological mechanisms by which pituitary-derived gonadotropins (Gths), follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) regulate asynchronous oocyte development, we investigated the function and expression of Fsh and Lh receptors (Fshr and Lhr, respectively) in Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT, Thunnus orientalis). As a first, we cloned the full-length cDNAs encoding PBT Fshr and Lhr. Recombinant PBT Fsh and Lh single-chain proteins were produced in abundance using stable CHO-DG44 cell lines and were subsequently purified from the culture medium, culminating in their yields being 87.0 and 88.2%, respectively. An in vitro reporter assay using homologous recombinant Gths revealed that PBT Fshr and Lhr responded strongly to their corresponding ligands in a dose-dependent manner, with no cross-activation over a wide range of concentrations. Moreover, quantitative expression analysis of Fshr and Lhr at the follicle level showed that fshr gene expression was highly upregulated in the ovarian follicles through vitellogenesis, while lhr expression was significantly upregulated and peaked in fully vitellogenic ovarian follicles. These findings suggest that asynchronous-type oocyte development is primarily attributed to the differential function and expression of Gthrs, rather than the ligand, in PBT.
为了了解垂体衍生的促性腺激素(Gths)、卵泡刺激素(Fsh)和黄体生成素(Lh)调控非同步卵母细胞发育的生理机制,我们研究了太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼(PBT,Thunnus orientalis)体内Fsh和Lh受体(分别为Fshr和Lhr)的功能和表达。首先,我们克隆了编码 PBT Fshr 和 Lhr 的全长 cDNA。利用稳定的 CHO-DG44 细胞系生产出了大量重组 PBT Fsh 和 Lh 单链蛋白,随后从培养基中进行了纯化,纯化率分别为 87.0% 和 88.2%。使用同源重组 Gths 进行的体外报告分析表明,PBT Fshr 和 Lhr 对其相应配体的反应强烈,呈剂量依赖性,在很宽的浓度范围内没有交叉激活。此外,在卵泡水平对Fshr和Lhr进行的定量表达分析表明,在卵黄发生过程中,卵泡中的Fshr基因表达高度上调,而在完全卵黄发生的卵泡中,Lhr表达显著上调并达到峰值。这些发现表明,异步型卵母细胞发育主要归因于 PBT 中 Gthrs 的不同功能和表达,而不是配体。
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引用次数: 0
Non-invasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in the Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) 对古尔德蝙蝠(Chalinolobus gouldii)肾上腺皮质活动的无创监测。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114619
Although bats are the second most species-rich mammalian order, very little is known about their endocrine physiology. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly associated with the stress response, but also modulate vital physiological functions which help animals adapt to their environment. Understanding normal patterns of adrenocortical activity can provide valuable insights into a species’ fitness. Non-invasive hormone monitoring via faecal samples provides an integrated measure of adrenocortical activity while minimising stress on the animal but must be properly validated to ensure reliable results. The goal of this study was to validate an enzyme immunoassay for monitoring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) in a common Australian insectivorous bat species, the Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii). We compared the performance of five assays for monitoring changes in FGMs following capture and transfer of C.gouldii from the wild to captivity. Four of the five assays detected a significant increase in FGMs following capture, but the magnitude of the increase and consistency across individuals differed considerably. We selected the UVM-69a assay as the best performing assay to then describe normative patterns of adrenocortical activity in the species. Males had higher FGM levels than females, and juveniles had higher FGM levels than adults. Individuals with poorer body condition had higher FGM levels. We also demonstrate seasonal patterns of FGMs with higher levels in March and April corresponding with reproductive up-regulation and lower levels in May and November. Our study is the first of its kind to examine adrenocortical activity in an Australian insectivorous bat and provides a valuable tool for studying this species. Understanding adrenal function in common species such as C.gouldii can shed light on the physiological mechanisms facilitating survival and success in changing environments.
虽然蝙蝠是哺乳动物中物种第二丰富的目,但人们对它们的内分泌生理却知之甚少。糖皮质激素(GCs)通常与应激反应有关,但也能调节重要的生理功能,帮助动物适应环境。了解肾上腺皮质活动的正常模式可以为了解物种的适应性提供宝贵的信息。通过粪便样本进行非侵入性激素监测可以综合测量肾上腺皮质的活动,同时最大限度地减少对动物的压力,但必须经过适当的验证才能确保结果可靠。本研究的目的是验证一种酶免疫测定法,用于监测澳大利亚常见食虫蝙蝠物种--古尔德蝙蝠(Chalinolobus gouldii)的粪便糖皮质激素代谢物(FGMs)。我们比较了五种检测方法的性能,以监测古尔德蝙蝠从野外捕获并转入人工饲养后FGMs的变化。五种检测方法中有四种检测到捕获后绒毛膜显著增加,但增加的幅度和个体间的一致性差异很大。我们选择了性能最好的 UVM-69a 检测方法来描述该物种肾上腺皮质活动的正常模式。雄性个体的肾上腺皮质激素水平高于雌性个体,幼年个体的肾上腺皮质激素水平高于成年个体。身体状况较差的个体肾上腺皮质激素水平较高。我们还发现了FGM的季节性模式,3月和4月的FGM水平较高,这与生殖系统的上调有关,而5月和11月的FGM水平较低。我们的研究是首次研究澳大利亚食虫蝙蝠的肾上腺皮质活动,为研究该物种提供了宝贵的工具。了解戈尔迪蝠等常见物种的肾上腺功能可以揭示在不断变化的环境中促进生存和成功的生理机制。
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引用次数: 0
Functional characterization of CCHamides and deorphanization of their receptors in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti 黄热病蚊子埃及伊蚊体内 CCHamides 的功能特征及其受体的非形态化。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114618
As a widely distributed anthropophilic mosquito species and vector of various arboviruses, Aedes aegypti poses a significant threat to human health on a global scale. Investigating mosquito neuropeptides allows us to better understand their physiology. The neuropeptides CCHamide1 (CCHa1) and CCHamide2 (CCHa2) along with their associated G protein-coupled receptors (CCHa1R and CCHa2R) were recently identified and studied across insects. However, expression profiles and physiological roles of CCHamides and their receptors in many other insects, including A. aegypti, remain unclear. This research aimed to quantify and localize the expression of CCHamides along with their receptors and gain insight on their physiological function in the yellow fever mosquito. RT-qPCR analysis revealed transcript abundance of CCHamides and receptors changes over development. Differential expression was also observed in tissues/organs of adult mosquitoes indicating CCHa1 and CCHa2 transcripts are enriched in the midgut, while receptors are expressed across various tissues. CCHamide immunoreactivity was observed in neurons in the brain and ventral nerve cord along with enteroendocrine cells in the posterior midgut adjacent to the midgut-hindgut junction, corroborating their transcript expression profiles. Using different mass spectrometrical approaches, presence of CCHamides were confirmed in the brain of both sexes, including the pars intercerebralis of female mosquitoes, as well as in the gut of adult mosquitoes. For chemical identification of predicted CCHamides, we analyzed brain and gut extracts by ESI-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS and resulting fragmentations confirmed CCHa1 and CCHa2 in brain and midgut samples of both male and female mosquitoes. A heterologous functional assay was used to confirm the specificity and sensitivity of the two CCHamide receptors by assessing their activation in response to diverse mosquito peptides, which confirmed CCHa1 and CCHa2 as natural ligands. Finally, using a capillary feeder (CAFE) bioassay, our results suggest that CCHa2 modulates feeding behaviour in female mosquitoes.
埃及伊蚊是一种广泛分布的嗜人蚊种,也是各种虫媒病毒的传播媒介,在全球范围内对人类健康构成重大威胁。通过研究蚊子的神经肽,我们可以更好地了解它们的生理机能。最近发现了神经肽 CCHamide1(CCHa1)和 CCHamide-2(CCHa2)及其相关的 G 蛋白偶联受体(CCHa1R 和 CCHa2R),并对其进行了跨昆虫研究。然而,CCH酰胺及其受体在包括埃及蚁在内的许多其他昆虫中的表达谱和生理作用仍不清楚。本研究旨在量化和定位 CCHamides 及其受体的表达,并深入了解它们在黄热病蚊子中的生理功能。RT-qPCR 分析显示,CCHamides 及其受体的转录本丰度随发育过程而变化。在成蚊的组织/器官中也观察到了差异表达,表明 CCHa1 和 CCHa2 转录本富集在中肠,而受体则在不同组织中表达。在大脑和腹侧神经索的神经元中观察到了 CCHamide 免疫反应,在后中肠邻近中肠-后肠交界处的肠内分泌细胞中也观察到了 CCHamide 免疫反应,这证实了它们的转录本表达谱。利用不同的质谱方法,证实了 CCHamides 存在于雌雄蚊子的大脑(包括雌蚊的间脑旁)和成蚊的肠道中。为了对预测的CCHamides进行化学鉴定,我们用ESI-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS分析了大脑和肠道提取物,结果碎片证实了雌雄蚊子大脑和中肠样本中的CCHa1和CCHa2。通过评估两种 CCHamide 受体对多种蚊虫肽的激活反应,使用异源功能测试确认了这两种受体的特异性和灵敏度,从而证实 CCHa1 和 CCHa2 是天然配体。最后,利用毛细管喂食器(CAFE)生物测定,我们的结果表明 CCHa2 能够调节雌蚊的摄食行为。
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引用次数: 0
Low-temperature-induced disruption of reproductive axis and sperm vitality via stress axis in Monopterus albus 低温通过应激轴诱导白翅猴生殖轴和精子活力的破坏。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114617
The ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) is inherently timid and highly sensitive to stress. Our previous studies have shown that low-temperature weather could significantly affect the sperm vitality of ricefield eels. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature effects on testicular function and sperm vitality in ricefield eels. The ricefield eels were initially reared at low (10 °C) and normal (25 °C) temperatures for 24 h. Low temperatures were found to induce the expression of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and testes insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) mRNA expression, suggesting that the reduction in sperm vitality could be attributed to the activation of the stress axis. Moreover, the results indicated a significant decrease in sperm occupancy and count in the testes, along with a reduced percentage of motile sperm. Subsequent transcriptome analysis showed substantial inhibition of reproductive hormone genes (gnrh1, lh, and fsh) in the brain and pituitary, and downregulation of meiosis-related genes (dmc1, rec8, and sycp3) in the testes. These findings suggest that low temperatures might disrupt testicular development and spermatogenesis by inhibiting the reproductive axis. Metabolomics analysis then demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of metabolites related to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the testes after low-temperature treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zona pellucida sperm-binding proteins 3 and 4 (ZP3 and ZP4), which may affect sperm vitality and spermatogenesis, was significantly induced by low temperatures in the testes. In conclusion, these findings suggested that low temperatures might affect testicular function and sperm vitality by simultaneously activating the stress axis and inhibiting the reproductive axis and energy metabolism in the testes.
稻田鳗(Monopterus albus)天生胆小,对压力高度敏感。以往的研究表明,低温天气会显著影响稻田鳝的精子活力。本研究旨在探讨低温对稻田鳝睾丸功能和精子活力的调控机制。在低温(10 °C)和常温(25 °C)下分别饲养稻田鳝鱼24小时。低温诱导垂体促绒毛膜促皮质素(POMC)和睾丸胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1(IGFBP1)mRNA的表达,表明精子活力的降低可能是应激轴被激活所致。此外,研究结果表明,睾丸中精子的占有率和数量显著下降,活动精子的比例也有所降低。随后的转录组分析表明,大脑和垂体中的生殖激素基因(gnrh1、lh和fsh)受到严重抑制,睾丸中的减数分裂相关基因(dmc1、rec8和sycp3)下调。这些发现表明,低温可能会通过抑制生殖轴来破坏睾丸发育和精子生成。代谢组学分析表明,低温处理后,睾丸中与糖酵解、脂肪酸代谢和三羧酸循环有关的代谢物水平显著降低。有趣的是,睾丸中可能影响精子活力和精子发生的透明带精子结合蛋白 3 和 4(ZP3 和 ZP4)的表达受到低温的显著诱导。总之,这些研究结果表明,低温可能会同时激活睾丸的应激轴和抑制生殖轴及能量代谢,从而影响睾丸功能和精子活力。
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引用次数: 0
Special issue of the seventh biennial meeting of the North American Society for comparative endocrinology (Sociedad Norteamericana de Endocrinología Comparada; Societé Nord-américaine de l'endocrinologie comparée). 北美比较内分泌学会第七届双年会特刊(Sociedad Norteamericana de Endocrinología Comparada; Societé Nord-américaine de l'endocrinologie comparée)。
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114616
Valerie S Langlois, Aurea Orozco, Meet Zandawala, Mark A Sheridan
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引用次数: 0
Gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in Seriola rivoliana early larvae development at different temperatures 下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴在不同温度下的基因表达
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114615
We analyzed the expression of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT-axis) in the longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana early larva, including temperature effects (22, 26 and 28 °C) and days of development (day one, day two, and day six after hatching). We aimed to determine if egg and larval incubation at different temperatures could disrupt this critical endocrine axis, which, in an aquaculture context, it could provoke mortality during early metamorphosis. There was a significant interaction between temperature and developmental timing on the relative expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh). Larvae at 22 °C was the longest and increased more trh expression than larvae at higher temperatures. Interestingly, thyrotropin stimulating hormone (tsh) was highly expressed after hatching. Subsequently, it was downregulated at any temperature at least until day four, suggesting a temporal inhibition of the HPT axis. Therefore, we suggest that tsh-binding (tshr) to follicles should have occurred from hatching, creating a further “cascade effect” of upregulation of larval thyroglobulin (tg) from day two in a temperature-dependent manner. Consequently, new thyroid hormones should have been produced after yolk sac absorption. The above may indicate a narrow window of larval survival, where the larval transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding would depend on the correct timing to synthesize tg. Temperature significantly affected the expressions of deiodinase 1 (dio1-downregulated) and deiodinase 2 (dio2-upregulated) after hatching. The expressions of thyroid receptors alpha (trα) and beta (trβ) remained constant after hatching without significant effects of temperature and days of development. Then, the differential expression on day six showed that all HPT-axis transcripts increased their expressions as larvae developed, which suggested a functional HPT. Finally, there was no evidence that any temperature would disrupt the endocrine’s larval axis, which indicated that the longfin yellowtail has a wide temperature adaption. Nevertheless, based on tg upregulation, we suggest that larvae should be maintained around 25–26 °C after hatching for a better chance of survival and development.
我们分析了长鳍大黄鱼(Seriola rivoliana)早期幼体的下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴(HPT轴)相关基因的表达,包括温度影响(22、26和28 °C)和发育天数(孵化后第1天、第2天和第6天)。我们的目的是确定在不同温度下孵化鱼卵和幼体是否会扰乱这一关键的内分泌轴,在水产养殖中,这可能会导致鱼类在早期变态过程中死亡。温度和发育时间对促甲状腺激素释放激素(trh)的相对表达有明显的交互作用。与温度较高的幼体相比,22 °C下的幼体发育时间最长,促甲状腺激素释放激素(trh)的表达量也增加得更多。有趣的是,促甲状腺激素(tsh)在孵化后表达量很高。随后,在任何温度下,至少到第四天,它的表达都会下降,这表明促甲状腺激素轴在时间上受到抑制。因此,我们认为tsh与卵泡的结合(tshr)应该在孵化后就开始了,并进一步产生了 "级联效应",即从第2天开始,幼虫甲状腺球蛋白(tg)以温度依赖的方式上调。因此,新的甲状腺激素应在卵黄囊吸收后产生。上述情况可能表明,幼虫的存活窗口很窄,幼虫从内源性摄食过渡到外源性摄食取决于合成tg的正确时机。温度对孵化后脱碘酶1(dio1下调)和脱碘酶2(dio2上调)的表达有明显影响。甲状腺受体α(trα)和β(trβ)的表达在孵化后保持稳定,不受温度和发育天数的显著影响。然后,第 6 天的差异表达表明,随着幼虫的发育,所有 HPT 轴转录本的表达量都有所增加,这表明 HPT 具有功能性。最后,没有证据表明任何温度都会破坏内分泌的幼体轴,这表明长鳍大黄鱼对温度有广泛的适应性。尽管如此,根据 tg 上调的情况,我们建议幼体孵化后应保持在 25-26 °C左右,以获得更好的存活和发育机会。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of gonadotropins and their receptors in a chondrichthyan, Scyliorhinus canicula, fills a gap in the understanding of their coevolution 对一种软骨鱼类--可口棘尾鱼--的促性腺激素及其受体的特征描述,填补了对它们共同进化的认识空白
IF 2.1 3区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114614
In Gnathostomes, reproduction is mainly controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, with the involvement of the pituitary gonadotropic hormones (GTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which activate their cognate receptors, FSHR and LHR, expressed in gonads. Each GTH consists of a common α subunit and of a specific FSHβ or LHβ subunit. Chondrichthyes (holocephalans and elasmobranchs) is a sister group of bony vertebrates. This position is highly favorable for the understanding of the evolution of endocrine regulations of reproduction among gnathostomes. Surprisingly, the characterization of gonadotropins and their receptors is still limited in chondrichthyes. In the present study, GTH and GTHR sequences have been identified from several chondrichthyan genomes, and their primary structures were analyzed relative to human orthologs. 3D models of GTH/GTHR interaction were built, highlighting the importance of the receptor hinge region for ligand recognition. Functional hormone-receptor interactions have been studied in HEK cells using the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) recombinant proteins and showed that LHR was specifically activated by LH whereas FSHR was activated by both FSH and LH. Expression profiles of GTHs and their receptors were explored by real-time PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry during spermatogenesis, along the male genital tract and other tissues, as well as in some female tissues for comparison. Tissue-expression analyses showed that the highest levels were observed for fshr transcripts in testis and ovary and for lhr in specific extragonadal tissues. The two receptors were expressed at all stages of spermatogenesis by both germ cells and somatic cells, including undifferentiated spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, somatic precursors and Sertoli cells; differentiated Leydig cells being absent in the testis of S. canicula. Receptors were also expressed by the lymphomyeloid epigonal tissue and the testicular tubules. These results, suggest a wide range of gonadotropin-regulated functions in Elasmobranchs, as well as functional redundancy during spermatogenesis. These extended functions are discussed in an evolutionary context in which the specificity of gonadotropin signaling must have contributed to the evolution of gonadal cells’ morphology and function.
在性腺线虫中,生殖主要由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG)控制,垂体促性腺激素(GTH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)参与其中,它们激活在性腺中表达的同源受体 FSHR 和 LHR。每种 GTH 都由一个共同的 α 亚基和一个特定的 FSHβ 或 LHβ 亚基组成。软骨鱼类(全头目和箭鳃目)是有骨脊椎动物的姊妹类群。这一地位非常有利于了解地龙类生殖内分泌调控的进化。令人惊讶的是,软骨鱼类中促性腺激素及其受体的特征描述仍然有限。本研究从多个软骨鱼类基因组中鉴定了GTH和GTHR序列,并分析了它们与人类同源物的主要结构。建立了 GTH/GTHR 相互作用的三维模型,突出了受体铰链区对配体识别的重要性。利用小斑猫鲨(Scyliorhinus canicula)重组蛋白在HEK细胞中研究了功能性激素-受体相互作用,结果显示LHR被LH特异性激活,而FSHR则被FSH和LH同时激活。通过实时聚合酶链反应、原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法,研究了精子发生过程中、男性生殖道和其他组织以及一些女性组织中 GTHs 及其受体的表达谱。组织表达分析表明,睾丸和卵巢中的fshr转录物水平最高,而绒毛外特定组织中的lhr转录物水平最高。在精子发生的各个阶段,生殖细胞和体细胞都表达这两种受体,包括未分化的精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞、体细胞前体细胞和 Sertoli 细胞;在 S. canicula 的睾丸中没有分化的 Leydig 细胞。淋巴细胞上皮组织和睾丸小管也表达受体。这些结果表明,促性腺激素在鳞鳃亚纲动物中具有广泛的调节功能,并且在精子发生过程中存在功能冗余。这些扩展的功能将在进化的背景下进行讨论,其中促性腺激素信号的特异性一定促进了性腺细胞形态和功能的进化。
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General and comparative endocrinology
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