A preliminary study on calcifying nanoparticles in dental plaque: Isolation, characterization, and potential mineralization mechanism

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI:10.1002/cre2.885

Siwei Wang, Lan Yang, Guohui Bai, Yu Gu, Qin Fan, Xiaoyan Guan, Jie Yuan, Jianguo Liu

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Abstract

Objectives

Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), referred to as nanobacteria (NB), are recognized to be associated with ectopic calcification. This study aims to isolate and culture CNPs from the dental plaque of patients with periodontal disease and investigate their possible role in unravelling the aetiology of periodontal disease.

Material and Methods

Supragingival and subgingival plaques were sampled from 30 periodontitis patients for CNPs isolation and culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content changes were tracked over time. Positive samples underwent thorough morphological identification via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Alizarin red S (ARS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition of CNPs analysis involved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results

The subgingival plaque dental group exhibited a higher CNPs isolation rate at 36.67% (11/30) compared to the supragingival dental plaque group at 66.67% (20/30). ALP activity varied among the positive, negative and control groups. Morphological observation characterized the CNPs as round, oval, and ellipsoid particles with Ca deposits. Chemical analysis revealed the Ca/P ratio was 0.6753. Hydroxyl, methyl, carbonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate were detected by FTIR; the main chemical components detected by XRD were hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.

Conclusion

CNPs were found in periodontitis-related dental plaque and exhibited the potential to develop calcified structures resembling dental calculus. However, the potential involvement of ALP in CNPs formation requires deeper exploration, as does the precise nature of its role and the interrelation with periodontitis demand a further comprehensive investigation.

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牙菌斑中钙化纳米粒子的初步研究：牙菌斑中钙化纳米粒子的初步研究：分离、表征和潜在矿化机制。

目的：钙化纳米颗粒（CNPs）被称为纳米细菌（NB），公认与异位钙化有关。本研究旨在从牙周病患者的牙菌斑中分离和培养 CNPs，并研究它们在揭示牙周病病因方面可能发挥的作用：材料和方法：从30名牙周炎患者的龈上和龈下牙菌斑中取样，进行CNPs的分离和培养。跟踪碱性磷酸酶（ALP）含量随时间的变化。通过苏木精和伊红（HE）染色、茜素红 S（ARS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对阳性样本进行彻底的形态鉴定。CNPs 的化学成分分析包括钙（Ca）和磷（P）含量测定、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）：龈下牙菌斑组的 CNPs 分离率为 36.67%（11/30），而龈上牙菌斑组为 66.67%（20/30）。阳性组、阴性组和对照组的 ALP 活性各不相同。形态观察显示，CNPs 有圆形、椭圆形和椭圆形颗粒，并有钙沉积。化学分析显示，钙/磷比率为 0.6753。傅立叶变换红外光谱检测到羟基、甲基、碳酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐和磷酸二氢盐；X射线衍射检测到的主要化学成分是羟基磷灰石和磷酸三钙：结论：在牙周炎相关牙菌斑中发现了 CNPs，并有可能形成类似牙结石的钙化结构。然而，ALP 可能参与了 CNPs 的形成，这需要更深入的探讨，其作用的确切性质以及与牙周炎的相互关系也需要进一步的全面研究。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.