Effects of Phytochemicals on Type 2 Diabetes via MicroRNAs.

IF 4.6 3区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1007/s13668-024-00549-5

Dilek Sivri, Makbule Gezmen-Karadağ

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Type 2 diabetes, characterized by inadequate insulin secretion and resistance, is increasingly prevalent. To effectively manage type 2 diabetes, identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial. MicroRNAs, short noncoding RNA molecules, play a pivotal role in regulating β-cell function, insulin production, and resistance, and show promise as biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes onset. Phytochemicals, known for their antioxidant activities, may influence microRNA expression, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating associated complications. This review aims to explore the significance of microRNA in type 2 diabetes, their potential as biomarkers, and how certain phytochemicals may modulate microRNA expressions to reduce or prevent diabetes and its complications.

Recent findings: Current research suggests that microRNAs show promise as novel therapeutic biomarkers for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and monitoring diabetic complications. Additionally, phytochemicals may regulate microRNAs to control type 2 diabetes, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy. The multifactorial effects of phytochemicals on type 2 diabetes and its complications through microRNAs warrant further research to elucidate their mechanisms. Comprehensive clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of phytochemicals and their combinations. Given their ability to modulate microRNAs expression, incorporating phytochemical-rich foods into the diet may be beneficial.

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植物化学物质通过微RNA对2型糖尿病的影响

回顾的目的：以胰岛素分泌不足和抵抗为特征的 2 型糖尿病越来越普遍。要有效控制 2 型糖尿病，确定新的治疗靶点至关重要。微小核糖核酸（MicroRNA）是一种非编码 RNA 短分子，在调节 β 细胞功能、胰岛素分泌和抵抗力方面发挥着关键作用，有望成为预测 2 型糖尿病发病的生物标志物。以抗氧化活性著称的植物化学物质可能会影响微RNA的表达，从而改善胰岛素敏感性并减轻相关并发症。本综述旨在探讨微RNA在2型糖尿病中的重要性、其作为生物标志物的潜力，以及某些植物化学物质如何调节微RNA的表达以减少或预防糖尿病及其并发症：目前的研究表明，微RNA有望成为诊断2型糖尿病和监测糖尿病并发症的新型治疗生物标志物。此外，植物营养素可调节微RNA，从而控制2型糖尿病，这也是一种潜在的治疗策略。植物营养素通过微RNA对2型糖尿病及其并发症的多因素影响值得进一步研究，以阐明其机制。需要进行全面的临床试验，以评估植物营养素及其组合的安全性和有效性。鉴于植物化学物质能够调节微RNAs的表达，在饮食中添加富含植物化学物质的食物可能会对人体有益。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.